Cultural Food - Tomatoes Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

ethnical Food - Tomatoes - Essay ExampleThere is further speculation as to how the tomato became more wide available. The most popular school of thought is that Cortez, who was a Spanish explorer who took over the now called Mexico metropolis in 1521 took the yellow fruit to Europe where it gained popularity. Another school of thought is that Christopher Columbus was the first to enroll the tomato. Regardless of this, there was mention of the tomato in European literature in 1544 where it was referred to as a golden apple.The new-made-day name tomato is derived from the Nahuatl language but the name Lycopersicum literally translated substance wolf-peach. This was thought to be a reflection of the widely held view, particularly in Europe that the fruit was savage and could, therefore, be used to protect against wolves. From a very primaeval stage, tomatoes shake up been seen as a ideal fruit for cooking in many cultures. culturally they were very important to those in Southern Mexico sphere of Pueblo thinking that anyone who saw another individual eating a tomato would gain divination powers.Culturally the tomato had a bit of a slower introduction within Europe. Whilst the Mediterranean climate was meliorate for tomato growing there was no immediate deduction that it was used as food. There is evidence that the Spanish used the tomato as fruit from the early 1600s although it is possible that it was recognized as a food before then. Clear recipes including tomatoes were published in 1692 but it was also evident that the main contribution of the tomato across much of Europe was as a table decoration and not as a food. By contrast in England, the tomato did not get cultivated until the late 16th, early 17th century. There is no denying that the tomato has become a critically important element of modern society and recognized on a global level as an important food item. In modern society, there is a positive attitude towards the fruit although deeply roo ted historical perceptions have now shaped the symbolic influence of this widely accepted fruit, be it negative or positive.

Above-The-Line and Below-The-Line Advertising. Are they still Relevant Essay

Above-The-Line and Below-The-Line Advertising. Are they still applicable - Essay Example4).Traditionally, promotional activities ar divided into above-the-line (ATL) and below-the-line (BTL). Mass media ad through television, newspapers, radio, cinema, and outdoor advertising are above-the-line or ATL. All new communication tools are regarded as below-the-line or BTL measures (Muller, Florian, and Daniel, 2011, p. 4). Advertising is the most(prenominal) critical communication tool in the merchandising mix (Meffert, Burmann, and Kirchgeorg, 2008).The term ATL and BTL advertising came from agencies balance sheets where diverse types of media are listed. Agency received a commission for ATL activities from media, while a separate fee is interpreted for BTL activities (Brierley, 2005, p.42). Despite its history, the division is fading as marketers prefer a 3600 approach for their marketing activities today. This paper explores the terms above-the-line and below-the-line and their relevance, and identifies that the division is irrelevant when it comes to todays marketing practices. Above The Line Advertising Right from the early days, advertising activities are classified as above-the-line (ATL) or below-the-line (BTL). Generally, mass media advertising is considered to be above the line advertising. It is conducted through television, newspapers, radio, and earnings (Gaerig, 2012). ... nce, a product sample or coupon.BTL advertising methods include price promotions and discounting, gift with purchase, loyalty incentives, coupons, prizes, competitions, pecuniary refunds, and point-of-sale display.BTL advertising is also considered to be out of home advertising or govern marketing. Direct marketing, such as, direct mail, yellow pages, and telemarketing has been incorporated in the advertising expenses from past some(prenominal) years (Gaerig, 2012, p. 9). Smith and Jonathan (2004) argue that BTL is every opposite (than advertising) communication tool exclu ding sales line. Sales force is not included in either category. Most often, BTL refers to sales promotion and public relations (p.23). concord to Winterberry Groups report (2006) on tracking the trends, ATL advertising includes traditional marketing channels targeted for mass audience. It includes essence that reinforces brand, general information about product or service, or stimulate an emotional response. On the other hand, BTL advertising initiatives work like traditional direct marketing efforts. They aim to establish targeted relationship amongst individual consumer and marketer. It also offers a comparable simplicity in measurements.ATL includes the measurable media (TV, radio, print, outdoor, and yellow pages) while BTL includes direct mail, direct response print, event marketing, direct response broadcast, and promotional and interactive marketing. The Line and its Relevance The sentiment of line originated from advertising accountancy during 1950s. It seems that mark eting industry has always been discussed and distinguished by the line. Both marketers and agencies are categorized on the basis of their expertise in either above-the-line or below-the-line advertising. Most often, marketers

How Far do they Critically Place the Issue of Marginalization and the Essay

How Far do they Critically Place the erupt of Marginalization and the Concept of Habitus and do the Examples Try to Universalize these Concepts - Essay ExampleIn genus Uma Kotharis Power, Knowledge and Social Control in Participatory Development, she delves into the Foucaultian world of participatory power-play and limits of social-power and how the pattern of judgment and penalisation becomes a strategic weapon that is supported by a said and unsaid network of trace systems everywhere. She begins by quoting Foucault and argues how the processes of canonization affect those individuals and who be often marginalized by their separation and isolation from the production of association and the formulation of policies and practices, to be included in decisions that affect their lives. She focuses on participatory techniques as methods of knowledge accrual and attempts to unravel the sorts of power that are reproduced at the micro-level through the use of these approaches, and how p articipants and participatory development practitioners are themselves conduits of power. The arguments she presents presented are how participatory development can encourage a reassertion of control and power by superior individuals and groups, that it can lead to the reification of social norms through self-surveillance and consensus-building, and that it purifies knowledge and the spaces of participation through the codification, classification, and control of information, and its abbreviation and (re)presentation. The chapter also explores the limitations of participation in terms of how it demands certain kinds of performances to be enacted. It is suggested here that individuals and groups can and do put down the methodology and, in doing so, gain control by shaping the form of their participation through their performances on the PRA stage and in their selection of the information they conceal or choose to disclose. Kothari shows that an individuals behavior, actions, and p erceptions are all wrought by the power embedded and embodied within society, something which Friedmann will call habitus. But, whereas, Friedmann offers a more detail analysis of transnational migration and the corresponding effects on the loci of the migrants and the lands they are migrating to, Kothari tries to chart out the power grammatical construction of individuals and groups that are often selected for participation because of their disadvantaged position vis--vis, for example, their access to resources and services, or their control over decision-making. She upholds Foucaults root word that all individuals are most certainly affected by macro-structures of inequality (such as gender, ethnicity, class), and that plane when individuals judge that they are most free, they are in fact in the grip of more insidious forms of power, which black market not solely through direct forms of repression but often through less visible strategies of normalization (Foucault 1977, 19 80). Power is cappilary and difficult to locate as it runs through notions and practices, can be enacted by individuals who may even be opposed to it, and localized through its expression in everyday practices - through, for example, self-surveillance.

Confidentiality in Relation to Nursing Practice Essay

Confidentiality in Relation to Nursing Practice - Essay ExampleOne of the major(ip) ethical aspects that nurses should adopt is confidentiality. In relations to nurse practice, confidentiality depicts that any information about the health point of the tolerant should be shared with opposite nurses and threesome parties only after the approval of the person on a lower floor keeping. However, if the nurses perceive that the information is life-sustaining in preserving life and needs to be released to third parties, they are nevertheless every last(predicate)owed to release it without necessarily seeking the permission of the patients. This paper seeks to discuss the aspect of confidentiality in relation to nursing practice. Confidentiality in relation to nursing practice As indicated in the introduction part, the consent of a patient is vital as far as releasing of information that relates to his or her health is concerned. This means that nurses should reside adequate preca ution to ensure that information related to their patients is safeguarded. One of the key issues that nurses should not ignore is honor of the right of each individual to the privacy of the information. This means that a person should be allowed to have a significant control over the use of the information. In the same way, patients should be allowed to disclose and access all the information that relates to their health. ... In this regard, nurses should adhere to such laws so at to propagate professional relationship that is vital in the provision of effective health care. Another fundamental aspect that is covered by the confidentiality is that if other individuals who are involved in the provision of health care do not maintain confidentiality during their duties, nurses specially those who directly deal with the patients should intervene (Armstrong, 2007). It is important to note that lack of team work among the providers of health care is a major factor that is detrimental t o maintenance of confidentiality in the nursing profession. Thus, it is imperative for hospital nurses to watch their colleagues on the importance of safeguarding the information that relates to individuals under care. Legislation relating to confidentiality in the nursing practice The section below discusses some of the major formulas that guides hospital nurses during the duties. Data Protection Act of 1998 Data Protection Act of 1998 regulates the impact of the information that relates to patients who are alive. The Act, that covers all types of media including the electronics forms and paper records, governs processing, recording, obtaining, and disclosing of the information by the nurses (Tuckett, 2004). Embryology and Human Fertilization Act of 1990 This legislation seeks to control the provision of reproductive services using the modern technology. For example, nurses are banned from disclosing the information relating to gamete donors to the third parties (McHale & Galla gher, 2003). According to International Council of Nurses (2000), nurses should not disclose the identity of the individuals who are using the technology reproductive services.

How will Management Strategic Changes help reduce Labour Turnover in Dissertation

How testament Management Strategic Changes help reduce sweat Turnover in Calvin Klein - Dissertation ExampleA proactive circumspection can intervene fitly and avoid sweat turnover caused due to personal reasons by assisting the people to overcome those problems. This will development the retention level and the investment made by the company to train them during the period of their services will be justified, if the general retention level is at satisfactory level. The study focuses the strategic management changes requisite in relation to labor turnover in Calvin Klein. Calvin Klein is a publicly traded company in the forge industry founded by American fashion designerCalvin Klein with its head quarters in New York. The wargon portfolio is wider and includes womens and mens clothing, handbags, footwear, bedding, bath, dinnerw ar, perfumes underwear for men and women and panties, bras, and sleepwear for women with worldwide operations. The research questions argon directed at study and synopsis of the on-going trend in labor turnover and the causes thereof with the aim of seeking logical solutions for fetching effective measures to reduce the labor turnover and introduce changes in the style of the management to address the central and long term issue of labor turnover. The chief objectives of introducing changes and formulating strategies atomic number 18 discussed along with the limitations involved in introducing the changes and implementing the strategies. The recommendations are given along with the managerial implications thereof after a thorough analysis of various factors and management issues involved. Strategic Management Changes to reduce lug Turnover in Calvin Klein Table of contents 1. Research questions 4 2. leap out aims 4 3. Objectives 5 4. Literature review 7 Causes of labor turnover 7 Trends in the labor market 8 Retention insurance policy 9 Converting the problems into opportunities 10 5. Analysis 11 Calvin Kleins operations a nd headache 11 Labor environment 12 Leveraging the strengths in the operations and business 12 Human resources management 13 Measures to mitigate labor turnover 15 Retention policy 16 Tactics to keep labor turnover under control 16 Retention vs. Labor turnover 18 Evaluation of Performance and performance rewards 19 6. Discussion 20 Diversity in work places 20 Maintaining labor turnover at healthier level 21 Role of HRD 21 Exit interviews 22 Changes in human resources management structure 22 7. Methodology 23 8. Project approach and planning 23 9. Conclusion 25 10. References 28 11. Appendices 30 1. Research questions What are the reasons for the current level of labor turnover? Is the labor turnover in tune with the prevailing trend? What are strategic management changes which will study positive impact on labor turnover? What are the changes required in management policy in respect of retention of labor to keep labor turnover under control? 2. Project aims The issues of labor turn over and retention policy of the management are two sides of the coin. Due to the interrelationship between these two concepts, changes in the management style will have positive effects on the overall performance. The research aims 1. To analyze the causes of labor turnover for the purpose of introducing changes and 2. Formulating strategies for reducing in labor turnover and strengthening the retention policy. The causes of labor turnover are multifarious in an organization. A company with international operations in several countries of the world has several

Medical ethics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Medical ethics - Essay ExampleTo some degree I would classify myself as a secular humanist and believe that ethical decisions should be based on firm logic and ethical theory, instead of religious doctrine. One of the major issues of in medical ethics has been the question of whether individuals in severe and life-ending pain should be able to commit euthanasia. Currently, individuals such as Dr. Jack Kevorkian have been detain for practicing euthanasia. I believe this should non occur. I object entirely to the notion that individuals in such situations should not have the option of terminating their life. I believe that if an individual is clearly in a strong take aim of pain and their life will be hindered beyond enjoyment and wellness, then the individual should be presumption the option of ending their existence. Furthermore, allowing religious doctrine to dictate medical ethics is a dangerous slope, wherein continue and outstanding care may be compromised because of outdat ed

Disruptive Innovation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

Disruptive Innovation - Essay modelThe new entrants come up with new innovative hard disks that could not be used by the customers because of little raw performance. The renewings that leads to something unique and move out of the traditional market, making it a nontraditional one, disrespect of various limitations that make it unattractive to the mainstream is termed as Disruptive foundation. In short, present players in the market wins the battle by sustaining origin but new entrants win the battle by profuse innovations (Anthony, 2008, p. 4). Straining strategy leads to influence or shape the market in which one competes whereas disruptive strategy redefine the market, farm a new one and defend against attacks from below (Anthony, 2008, p. 5). Historically companies have succeeded in using uphold innovations at a market with higher tier by charging the upper near price from sophisticated and demanding customers. In this way, the company achieves profit. This in turn open s the door for Disruptive innovations. A disruptive innovation helps the consumers at the butt joint of the market to access such products that were previously accessible to only those customers who had lots of money and skill. The characteristics of disruptive innovation include lower gross margins, smaller target markets, and simpler products and services (Disruptive Innovation, n.d.), which may appear not so attractive to the existing solutions when compared with the traditional ones. These innovations offers the market with a lower gross margin making it slight attractive for the firms moving upward and making space for the new competitors. Thus having a brief intellect about the disruptive innovation as exhibited by Christen, some further elaborations about the model of disruptive innovation is required. This study deals in selecting a sector where any type of disruptive innovations has interpreted place. Assessing the result of the companies and finding the factors respons ible for such response and the correlation with the model developed by Clayton Christensen. The sector which is taken in this paper for analysis is cloud computing technology. But before moving into the detailed explanations, a brief knowledge about cloud computing procedure needs to be discussed in a clear manner and the model developed by Christensen can be explained. 2. Christensen model of disruptive innovation The model of disruptive innovation by Clayton Christensen is basically a hypothesis which can be mainly exploited for the purpose of explaining the impact of new technologies on the existence of a firm. The term disruptive innovation was first coined by Clayton Christensen in the year 1997 in his book named, The Innovators Dilemma When New Technologies Cause neat Firms to Fail.It has been seen that time and again associated with the failure or displacement of the organizations from their respective industries the organizations could see the break coming, and did nothin g until it was excessively late. Through doing well, the companies are alleged to do and they actually provide to their most profitable customers and highly concentrate on the investments in areas where the profit margins are majorly attractive. This situation generates due to the resourcefulness allocation processes of the constituted

Engineering Technical Summary - The Collapse of the Quebec Bridge Essay

engine room Technical Summary - The Collapse of the Quebec Bridge - Essay ExampleBecause of the site peculiarities and the multi tasks intended for the bridge, the constructors forced to provide some of the basics of cantilever bridge stick out and technology which finally resulted in one of the superlative bridge collapses in all time.The Quebec City Bridge project was one of the largest cantilever bridge projects in the world. It was the brainchild of Quebec Bridge Company (QBC), a group of local business people.It was proposed to build over the St. Lawrence River, cardinal miles preceding(prenominal) Quebec City. In 1903 the QBC gave the job of designing of the bridge to the PheonixThe eddy and design of the bridge was extremely intemperate because of so many reasons. Because of the transportation of ocean vehicles though the river, the bridge was forced to build well above the water level, approximately 150 feet above the water level. More over the requirement forces the designers to widen the comprehensiveness of the bridge to about 67 feet in order to accommodate 2 railway tracks, 2 track car tracks and 2 roadways. In late 1903, P.L. Szlapaka of the Pheonix Bridge Company had laid out the sign drawings of the bridge.His design was approved with very few changes by barrel maker.Cooper has estimated the weight of the span establish on the initial drawing. Before the final drawing reaches Cooper the construction has been started. Lot of money has been spent on the construction before Cooper realizes some drawbacks in the design and the construction of the bridge. When he analyzed the project based on the final project he found that the estimated weight of off on the low side. Cooper had only limited options in his front either to continue with the project by taking attempt or to stop the construction which may result in about 8 million pounds which is already spent on the project. So Cooper decided to take the risk of continuing the project in or der to save the money which is already

Introduction to the business of Investment Banking Assignment

Introduction to the furrow of Investment Banking - Assignment ExampleAn ardent need was felt for having a regulator which would ensure that the barter takes state of affairs keeping the interest of the investor in the mind. Hence in 1984, a ministerial committee was form with the sole motive of regulating the capital market of Saudi Arabia (Tadawul, 2014, p. 1).The Saudi Arabian Stock win over is mainly run by the Board of Saudi Arabia which accepts 9 members. The Capital Market Authority of the land takes care of the recommendation through which the members of the Board are nominated. The board comprises of the Chairman as well as the Vice Chairman apart from 7 other members.The operations of Tadawul are conducted in the electronic mode. about of the orders of buy and sell as well as the ordering system or the trading use take place with the help of the electronic modes. This was started since 1990 and ensures that there is really little scope for fraudulent activities or i llegal trading practices in Saudi Arabian Stock Exchange. The trading session of the exchange takes place between 11 am in the morning and 3.30 pm in the afternoon.The Tadawul All Share advocate or the TASI is the index which indicates the performance of the contains which are listed in the Tadawul Stock Exchange. The stocks of more than 168 companies are traded in the stock exchange. There are a number of sectors under which he stocks are traded. These sectors include the financial, consumer goods, Healthcare, telecoms, oil and spoil as well as the industrial goods and materials. The products that are mainly traded in the Tadawul Stock Exchange include the Equities, Sukuk and Bonds, Mutual Funds as well as Exchange Traded Funds.The enthronisation banks have a very active role in the entire process of the listing of the shares as well as in the raising of the funds from individual investors as well as the corporate clients when a company goes public. The investment bank ensures that the interests of

Cornish identity Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Cornish identity - Essay typesetters caseIn a society, an individual takes different roles, which is why his identity too changes with distributively context. An individual is place as a person, as a part of a community, religion, culture, race, gender and so on. As todays societies be multicultural, mountain of different cultures co-exist and identities argon being given more prominence. People follow diverse religions and make out from different races. National identity in the contemporary world means a group of hatful following the social culture. Even people of different religions speak the same run-in, eat the same food, habilitate in a similar way, and follow a common lifestyle and social behavior. Thus, culture determines guinea pig identity. Culture makes a nations growth and evolution possible culture is an ingrained aspect of society by dint of its historical experience rather than a collection of codes or conventions that are imposed by theocratic or secular sta te systems. (Koushan 2008). A knowledge about their separate religions and races will not spiel as a barrier in being a part of the nation in which they live. This writing analyses the Cornish identity and its formation using examples.Benedict Anderson, in his article Imagined Communities say that nation is just a concept created by the society. Individuals in a nation are not all familiar with each other. Still, there exists a kind of nationhood in them when someone represents their nation in international events. I direct the following definition of the nation it is an imagined political community - and imagined as both inherently limited and sovereign. (Anderson 1999, p.6). Cornwall is a part of the British Isles, where a vast majority of its inhabitants consider themselves as Cornish and not as British or English. The Cornish people are proud of their Cornish identity and consider Cornwall as a different imagined community. Bernard Deacon in his book says, Our names therefore define who we are in the present, who we were in the past and the imagined community to which we belong now and once belonged. (Deacon 2004, p.56). Presently, the inhabitants of Cornwall include a lot of immigrant people, diminution the persona of population of Cornish birth to 50. However, studies show that it is not the number that matters, but their thoughts. Carrick District council did a private sector housing survey in 1996 and it was found that despite a low percentage of native Cornish people, more than 37 percent of the population called themselves Cornish and not their original heathenish group. Again, this implies a considerable willingness to self-define as Cornish. This is especially the case as the Cornish-born are more likely to be in public sector housing. (Perceptions). Cornishness is represented and evident in their language, sports, politics, geography and even commercial products. notwithstanding the communications and transport revolution, international med ia and the inward migration of the twentieth century, Cornwall remains nevertheless decidedly special. (Cornwall 2007). Among these, Cornish language is of great significance in their lives. In the sixteenth century, English was imposed on the Cornish people and this was opposed and resisted by many people. As a result, modern Cornish emerged in the eighteenth century. It was successfully revived in the twentieth century with slight changes and Cornish is a language which people usually use to speak and write. This situation is the result of a conscious effort to revive the language. Now, it is taught in schools and colleges in order to popularize it even more. There are films made in Cornish. Cornwall has hosted the International Celtic use up Festival in which Cornish films are included. There are magazines in Cornish and many shops are named in Cornish. As a result, the UK government officially recognized Cornish language as a minority language, which is a real achievement for the Cornish people. Nick Raynsford, the Local government and Regions Minister said, This is a positive step in acknowledging the symbolic

Film analysis paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Film depth psychology paper - Essay ExampleThe final model is Zoes lack of openness to the therapist. These concepts will be explored in the film, and their application in the film will be determined. The consequences of this concept to the relationship will be determined (Lanham and Rowman 5).The most evident concept seen in this film is Zoes sex colony. Sex addiction is the escalating and persistence in sexual engagement in spite of an increase in negative consequences to others or oneself. Just like another addiction efforts to stop this addiction can be in vain. This concept of sex addiction is observed in the initial scenes of the movie, right after Zoe visits Quinton Canosa. During her visit, she gets attracted to Quentin, the owner of Quinton Canosa. Their first confrontation begins, and this is even more evident when Zoe takes the contract papers to him to sign for the beginning of their business partnership. Interestingly, this creases out to be a sexual connection for t hem (Lanham and Rowman 12).The concept of sex addiction is well applied in the film. Zoe is not fully satisfied with her husband and instead of talking things out she decides to look for comfort elsewhere. Zoe often meets up with Quinton where she finds the satisfaction of her addiction. She does this over and over, and even spends succession at work thinking about her meetings with Quinton. Itaffects her devotion to her life during one time she is set to meet with a client at a hotel, but she fails to turn up on time. She then arrives very late when the client is leaving and lies that her daughter fell sick. colony consequently affects Zos relationship with her kids since she even misses out on occasions that are important to her children with excuses of cosmos sick and sometimes having a lot of work in the office. However, this constant meeting with Quinton increases her addiction. She one time

Advertising Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Advertising - Essay ExampleThe advertisers objective is to convince the consumers that the harvest-time is top hat suited to serve their needs. The advertiser focuses on the assumption that it is easier to convince individuals to use products manufactured by esteemed companies. Besides, people have the perception that anything manufactured by Gatorade is great. Subsequently, the advertiser uses emotive words such as lightly flavored and vitamin charged to entice consumers. Indeed, the advertiser promotes the product to the female gender while enticing the male gender to embrace products promoted by the feminine gender. Consequently, the advertiser uses emotions to alter peoples perception, for example, the image of an fervent young woman shows that the commodity can serve the needs of teenagers (Jacobs 3).The wordings of the second advertisement are ingratiatory and appear attractive to the eyes of the audience as opposed to the first advertisement. Consequently, the commercial instigates the consumers by play up the benefits of the merchandise. The advertiser uses bold phrases because he believes that advertisements should catch the attention of the audience. Interestingly, the striking words emphasize the benefits of using the product (Petley 54). Additionally, the polishs in the commercial are relatively cool because they exude several meanings. For instance, the green color attempts to find a correlation between the product, and environment while the brown color relates the commodity with consciousness. As such, marketers use natural colors to sensitize the audience to use environmentally friendly products. Packaging Rx essentials in a white tin shows the usefulness of the commodity because it creates a pacifying setting (Jacobs 140).The notification on the magnificence of using the product together with prescribed drugs indicates that the advertisement is educative and the advertiser focuses on creating awareness among the consumers, and promotes

Response Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 2

Response - Essay Examplehe globe may be different from that acquired in any other part of the world and so people should be hired based upon the expertise that they have learned. People form expertise and association based upon the different culture and their native work environment hence they display their skills overmuch discontinue in those environments in which they have gained those skills. Equal opportunity employer will always be able to gain part employees because of lack of discrimination hence it is decisive that people with diverse backgrounds should be hired.Question It is real important to have a diverse staff because everyone usher out communicate with their own race in case they dont understand the language and everyone could help each other out with the tasks and supports one another. The intern Im at is diverse with employees who are Hispanic, Polish, and Swedish. Everyone supports one another and gets along. So I think is a great estimation that we should h ave a diversify place of unity and peace in the work environment.Answer respective(a) staff helps in better communication through proper conveyance of objective being rigid down by the top management hence this helps in better goal congruence and much greater success for an organization.Question International companies definitely hire people of different ethnicity so they can have translators. Many companies are expanding outside of their land to do business worldwide. This is why diversity is essential in the workplace.Answer Multinational organizations hire people from different ethnic background because it helps in better deliverance of the goals to the different employees hired. Besides that, people from different ethnic backgrounds can be transferred to any office staff of the same country in any other region and this would also help in decline of costs of hiring staff in that particular region (Expertise may also flow from one region to another with ease).Question In tod ays world, everything is very cultural. People travel

Nanotechnology Applications in Medicine Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Nanotechnology Applications in Medicine - Essay ExampleAtiyeh states silver is a viable treatment option for burns and open wounds (Atiyeh 139). The technology of nano c be fors has blessed the human mankind with just about exhilarating aptitudes and possibilities. Nanomedicines have made it possible to trans spurt various techniques that were previously in the stage of sight and testing to their actual usage in the present era. The technology involving utilization of nanoparticles in medication is at present under augmentation. However, long term prospects of research in this field suggest that the nano-robots can be used to make adjustments at cellular level in the human body. The advantages of nanotechnology in the discipline of medicine could refashion the fate of medicine by apprehending and medicating the human body in any kind of ailments link up to various infirmitys. The bright future of nanotechnology also advocates that those techniques that were imagined a few years before are flat making fortunate progress towards realism. Application of Nanomedicine in Drug Delivery One remarkable appositeness of nanotechnology in the field of medicine is the employment of nanoparticles to convey medicines, heat, light and various other type of materials to the disease causing cells for example cancer cells. These nanoparticles are manipulated in a way that they are lured towards diseased cells and so straightway treat these cells. By this technique injuries to the healthy cells are reduced and disease is encountered much in the beginning as compared to other techniques. Nanoparticles that are involved in the allocation of chemotherapy drugs to the cancer cells are under the cognitive operation of advancement. The consummation of Phase 1 Clinical Trial of the directly targeted chemotherapy annihilator drugs are communicated by some organizations same(p) CytImmune and BIND Biosciences (Torchilin, 282). Although the tests are in progress but their appro val for the ultimately final administration on cancer sufferers is still imminent. The utilization of heat along with chemotherapy medicines to the cancerous cell is other alternate form of nanomedicine that is used to treat cancer tolerants. The remarkable technique involves usage of gold nanorods to which desoxyribonucleic acid strands are adhered. These DNA fibers serve as platform and grasp collectively together the gold nanorod along with the chemotherapy medicines. When the cancerous cells are irradiated with infrared light, these rods suck up the infrared light and convert it into heat energy. The warm temperature helps to liberate the drug and obliterate the cancer cells. Research is also being executed to develop a nanoparticle that is able to light touch viruses. The nanoparticle does not itself consist of the ability to devastate viruses but it clement an enzyme that diable the reproductive mechanism of viruses in the patients body. Another investigation is being done on nanoparticles that can treat neurological disorders by releasing medicines through the brain barrier. Increasing immune reactions by combining the vaccine particles to DNA nanoparticles is another practice on which explorations are going on. These special vaccine molecules mark the white blood cells directly and enhance their immune response many folds. Nanomedicine Application in Therapy Techniques The nanoparticles made up of polyethylene glycol-hydrophilic degree Celsius clusters (PEG-HCC) have the ability to absorb free radicals at an elevated speed than the original free radicals

PhD statement of purpose Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

PhD narrative of purpose - Essay ExampleTogether with others in the Society, I look for and present papers. I deliberate myself to be cap adequate of much more, which is why I wish to proceed by following a course of study such as is offered by the Ph.D. Program. There is much that I could contribute to the bailiwick of Marketing now and in the future.During my studies in Switzerland, I earned many awards and some of the highest marks. It was not entirely these, nor the standing in my class which motivated me, rather, it was the chance to make a tangible difference in my field through writing and question. This is what encouraged and motivated me to study harder, and more importantly, to study smarter. The beas of study, namely tourism, run short the the hospitality industry aroused my interest in all matters concerning the service sector and consumer behavior, which is why my research has continuously focused on all aspects of these topics. I intend to pursue this as far as possible, with a view to applying results to the development of my countrys tourist market.I have chosen to study Marketing in the Ph.D. program, which I would prefer to join as soon as possible. My main strengths lie with the mathematical sciences, because I enjoy working with numbers and determining their correct interpretation. I am also interested in related sciences, including marketing. The challenge of systematically collecting, studying and determining logical outcomes is something which has always interested and motivated me. I consider my ability to approach a puzzle or problem and find a intelligent solution to be a great asset which supports my research capabilities. I enjoy travelling to spic-and-span places, seeing things that are exotic, which is why travel is very important to me. This is an activity that has given me much pleasure, as well as lessons I would not have learned elsewhere.My initial research experience was in consumer behavior. I learned among others, various marketing concepts to analyze guest behaviour, including relationship marketing, service recovery, value of customer/provider relationships. There is fundamental need to understand the differences between what customers really want and what business shortly offer. Customers want a personal connection with the people and the organizations they do business with. This is to ensure that business outcomes are perceived as positive experiences, rather than a mere transaction. The more customers have such experiences in dealing with service providers, the more loyal they become and the more follow-on business they will engage in, in the future. If given the chance to be admitted to the Ph.D. program on Marketing, I shall focus on service sectors. I have made my career goal to be the marketing of tourism for my country, Taiwan. While striving to name good grades, the patience required for studying, researching, and writing is my best attribute. Even in my younger student days, I was careful to accomplish tasks, which is reflected in my attention to detail and I always adopt a methodical approach to all my work. Should I be given the opportunity to continue studying, I would be able to apply results from earlier research studies, which were carried out by myself, or in collaboration with one of my professors. These research studies were concerned with the airline business, computer and mobile telecommunications marketing and I consider

Jackson Pollock Essay Example for Free

capital of Mississippi pollock EssayThere are several workmans who subscribe to influenced my work and my passion for the arts. One of my favorite is Jackson Pollock. Pollocks whole kit inspire me to be creative purge if my creativity is random. Jackson Pollack was an American artificer who had an important influence on modern scene as an important figure in the abstract expressionist movement.(World Book)Jackson Pollock was born January 28, 1912 in Cody, Wyoming into a family of four boys with Jackson being the youngest. His family go to California where his father worked for the government as a surveyor. In 1930 Jackson joined his eldest brother Charles in New York City where he attend the Art bookmans League. There Pollack studied under Thomas Hart Benton. It was at the Art Student League that he first started dabbling in art. Some of his first works were sketches using twisted reverberation shifts modeled later European artist such as Michelangelo, Rubens, and an giotensin-converting enzyme of his personal favorites El Greco. (nga.gov) He also experimented in pottery. He made several ceramic pieces like vases, roll and plates. Most of the bowls he created were donated to Mrs. Benton Thomas Bentons wife to sell for profits to help benefit the struggling artist in the area.The pictorial matters created during 1931-1934 like Going West or Bird is examples of abstract expressionism. Growing up in the west Pollack painted several pieces with western scenes. He made spasmodic trips to that area after he came to live in New York as a young man and his consciousness was conditioned, always, by early memories of the West.(Robertson, B.) At first glance the early collection might be overlooked for a piece by an amateur painter because at the time he was an amateur painter. As his trickery grew so did his painting style and theme.His works begin to reflect his sporadic emotions. Jackson Pollock verbalise regarding his art When I am in a painting, I m not aware of what Im doing. It is only after a sort of get acquainted period that I see what I perplex been about. I have no fears about making changes, destroying the image, etc, because the painting has a life of its own. I try to let it amount through. It is only when I lose contact with the painting that the result is a mess. Otherwise there is beautiful harmony, an easy give and win, and the painting comes out well.(1artclub)Although he is now a famous artist and his works are studied and collected by many, Pollock did not acquire fame easily and there was lots sacrificed on behalf of all those who loved and cared for and about him and his works. He suffered from alcoholism and depression. Like so many artist unfortunately, his work was significantly more appreciated after his tragic death. In the movie Pollack Jackson is portrayed to be a bit manic and known to have random backlashes and outburst stemming from his drinking, particularly when his art was the subject of d iscussion. Critics struggled to identify what his exact style was and Jackson refused to identify it. This was part of the reason he was critically judged thorough out his career.After leaving the Art League School Pollack became a member of the League and took on a job for the mural commission of Indiana. In 1937 Jackson began psychiatric treatment for his alcoholism. (OConnor, F.) During this period of his life he worked for the Works Project Administration (WPA) He was required to remove for allocation one painting about every eight weeks, depending on its size and his normal sum up of production (OConnor, F. ) for eight years. He would make approximately $7,800. Jackson meets Lee Krasner, a fellow surrealist in the American art world who had heard of Pollack and wanted to meet him before participating in an art show together. It was not until many years later that the two would marry. Lee Krasner was Pollocks biggest supporter, best friends and love of his life.She understood Pollack in ways even he did not. Pollocks work had a strong Native American theme, which came from traveling with his father as a surveyor for the US government. An example of one of these pieces is Guardians of the Secret which he showed in his first one man show, sponsored by Miss Guggenheim. In this painting there is what appears to be a dead animal or person with a act on, mayhap a wolf head. I think this may be a sacrifice or an misfortune cover up. It looks like four people standing around a tomb or sidestep have a discussion. One of the figures seems to have a crown on. All of the figures have animalistic mask or maybe paint on their faces. On the tomb or table it looks like scribbles or an ancient script. The manly also resemble totems poles. The painting could be if a burial, or a ritual. some(prenominal) the case it is a beautiful painting and like most of Pollock works the meaning is left up to the viewer.As Pollock continued to mature as an artist so did his work. I n 1943 Pollock signed a one year contract with Peggy Guggenheim an avid art collector and owner of a museum-gallery called Art of This Century. The contract stipulated he suck $150 a month and a settlement at the end of the year if more than $2700 worth of paintings were sold, allowing one third to the gallery. If less than this amount were realized, Miss Guggenheim would receive paintings to make-up the difference.(OConnor, F.) Pollack was also promised a one man show and a commission for a mural he would paint in Miss Guggenheims home. In 1950-1951 Pollock began painting in discolour and white. This is said to be the climax of Pollocks inspiration. Unlike other artist Pollock numbered his paintings or else of naming all of them.When he was inspired he painted pictures at such a place a number system was the best way to keep track of what he was producing. Number xxx Two, in particular, should be considered as a twentieth-century masterpiece a perpetual mobile of whiplash dr aw off which has, in its cool muscularity, something of the improvisatory nature of jazz (Robertson, B.) Soon after this period Pollock developed the black and white theme further into his splatter painting or drip painting as he was nicknamed Jack the Dripper by Time magazine in 1956.The first of this series was Lavender Mist. Pollock had created an internationalist sensation of action painting. Harold Rosenberg, described it, the canvas now became an arena in which to act, instead of a plaza in which to represent a real or imagined object, as it had been traditionally. ( Busignani, A.) In 1946 Pollock and his wife moved to the East Hamptons. He would spend the remaining years of his life in a drunken uncivilized rage. In 1956 Jackson Pollock was drunk driving when he had a violent accident that would take his and two other lives. His struggling career and unexpected death contribute to his legendary art status. credit entryhttp//www.1artclub.com/going-west-by-jackson-pollock/ht tp//www.nga.gov/feature/pollock/artist1.shtmOConnor, Francis. Jackson Pollock Museum of Modern Art. New York. 1967 Robertson, Bryan. Jackson Pollock depository library of Congress. Harry N. Abrams Inc. New York. 1960. World Book Encyclopedia, 2002, v15. P. p. 646

Macau Pension Fund Essay Example for Free

Macau Pension Fund EssayAccording to the exploit 84/89/M, Social Security farm animal would provide subsidies or assistance for unemployed, sick and retired people. This was the so-c any the startle tier of social security. At the same time, SSF was positioned as a fiscally main(a) livestock under the local disposal. In Macau, Pension storage is included in the SSF, and in that location is no insulation between the management of pension investment trust and SSF.Instead, pension fund is considered as an expense from the aspect of financial management. All the working people, including non-permanent and permanent residents, are required to contribute to SSF in each month. If they have contributed teeming amounts, they can get part of or all the pension fund payment after retirement. Since 1993, the establishment was gradually enlarging the coverage of pension fund beneficiary. So far, most unemployed or workless people, such as housewife, could join the voluntary co ntributions program.After certain periods of contribution, those people are also entitled to the pension fund payment from SSF once they are over 60. 2. 0 Current Problems As a financially independent fund, SSF is supposed to maintain the operation with the contribution as its major income. However, government funding has already stimulate the most important income of SSF in recent years. In 2010, government budget and funding from gaming tax revenue accounted for 92% of the total income of SSF (see figure 1).For the pension fund, many people stated that the pension fund payment, maximal MOP 2,000, is not comme il faut under the high-inflation economy. Some academies also claim that the contribution is not enough to maintain the budget equalizer of SSF. After all, government announced the predictable deficit of SSF since 2014 and bankruptcy in 2020 without government funding, which cause the heated discussion in Macau. 3. 1 Insufficient Contribution According to the SSF regulat ion, a resident who have contributed to SSF for 30 years is qualified to get MOP 2,000 per month after retirement at 65.Actually the monthly contribution to SSF has been fixed at MOP 45 per person since 1998, which representation the total contribution in 30 years would be returned in 9 months after retirement. body-build 1 Income of SSF in 2010 The contribution in 2010 only accounted for 5. 35% of the annual income of SSF and 24. 4% of the pension fund payment. In other words, the contribution is obviously insufficient to support the pension fund payment. The pension fund payment has been increased from MOP 800 in 1995 to MOP 2,000 recently, so as other subsidies and assistances.Therefore, the government unbroken increasing funding for SSF to prepare for the increasing outcome. Millions (MOP) Figure 3 Social security expenditures by SSF 3. 2 Insufficient Pension Fund Payment According to the poverty line set up by Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), the people with an i ncome level lower than half of median income should be considered as misfortunate people. Referring to 2011 median income published by Macau Statistics and Census Service, people have income lower than MOP 5,000 per month should be classified as needy.However, the maximum amount of pension fund payment is MOP 2,000, only 40% of the poverty line. The payment is even lower than the minimum subsistence index for one-person family, which is MOP 3,000 after the alteration by Macau government on 1 Apr 2012. In view of this, some communities and organizations have called for further sharpen of pension fund payment. 3. 3 Inefficient Management appraise of Return Percentage Inflation Rate Figure 2 Investment return of SSF balance and Macau inflation rate Given the enlarging funding from government, the balance of SSF have increased from MOP 1. 5 billion in 2006 to MOP 6. 2 billion in 2010.However, it has been shown in Figure 2 that the investments return of SSF balance is just a bit high er than the inflation. During the financial crisis, there was even a negative return recorded in 2008. By ignoring year 2008, there is still a downward trend of the return. According to the 2010 annual report of SSF, 72. 43% of SSF balance was deposited into local bank, the remaining proportion was entrusted to fund managing company for only low-risk investments. Under the fix-rate hedging between MOP and HKD, the absorb rate of Macau is close to interest rate in Hong Kong, which is similar to US interest rate.Since the 2008 financial crisis, ply has applied the ultra low interest rate and the interest rate is believed to be maintained until 2014. So, a 72. 43% of deposit in an investment portfolio is reasonably considered as inefficient. 3. 4 Irregular government subsidies In 2008 Macau government introduced the Wealth Partaking Scheme. Each permanent resident will receive the cash hold back issue by government and each non-permanent residents would received 60% of the partaking amount to permanent resident. The aim of the turning away is to share the result of economic development under the high-inflation economy.However, in some peoples view, the scheme has been considered as supplement of social security and thus expected to transfer the scheme into regular subsidies. Beside the partaking scheme, Macau government established the Central Saving Plan to inject certain capital into individual account of all the permanent attained the age of 22 in the year. The government claimed that the plan is the second tier of social security and the plan will enhance the living security of retired people. Under the government regulation, people could back off the saving fund only when they are over 65 or in urgent needs.

Incarceration of African American Males Essay Example for Free

Incarceration of African American Males EssayIntroduction The trend of African American males between the ages of 25 and 29 has seen a dramatic increase of incarceration. Attention has been focusing on atomic number 18as of housing, education, and healthc atomic number 18 but the most prominent riddle for African American males is the increase in the incarceration rate. African American males between the ages of 25 and 29 incarceration rate has been thought, by m both, to be caused by sparing factors such as chthonian fight or unemploy custodyt, poor housing, lack of education, and lack of healthcare. Yet, others believe it is imputable to the imbalance of minorities inwardly the criminal arbiter system, such as adjudicate, lawyers, and lawmakers. This paper willing explore two different outlooks society has come up with so far, as to why African American Males between the ages of 25 and 29 are increasingly incarcerated. Finally, the information will give awareness to th e problems that is faced by African American Males between the ages of 25 and 29. Prevalence Problem 1 More than 40% of all American pris iodinrs, hands and women, are African American men, yet they make up just 13% of the U. S. male population (Roberts, 2004).This statistic does not take on those African American men who are in local jails nor does it include those African American men under custodial supervision (Table 2). They enter the state and federal prison system, at the prime of their economic and reproductive lives and yet they exit prison behind both economically and socially. The high rate of incarceration among African Americans has been noted by the interconnection of poor economy, lack of affordable housing, mental illness, substance abuse, internal violence, absence of a strong black male role model, lack of access to education, or somewhat eccentric person of combination of these factors.Statistics dont even give African American males a dandy pretend to st ay out of jail. They deal a one in four chance of beingness incarcerated, while Hispanic American males have a one in six chance, and white males totally have a one in twenty three chance of incarceration. The color of African Americans couchs them unconnected and makes them targetable. Prevalence Problem 2 There is evidence, in our American arbitrator System, of structural inequality as seen in the percentages of minorities to the percentage of majorities employed in high ranking positions, in spite of appearance the system.The percentage of United States judges by race are 79% Caucasian, 12% African American, and 2% Hispanics American (Federal Judicial Center, 2012), as for the thousands of lawyers in the United States it is approximate of 3% are African American (National Law Group, 2010-2011), and about 1 in 4 police officers are members of a racial or ethnic minority in 2007 (Bureau of Justice Statistics, 2013). An investigation into racial profiling showed that African American and Hispanic American offenders, who often are young unemployed males, are more likely than their white counterparts (Spohn, C., 2000). Their prison sentences are also typically longer or they receive differential benefits from guideline departures than do similarly situated white offenders (Spohn, C. , 2000). We essential have a go at it the problems of racial disparity within the criminal justice system, communicate racial disparity within the criminal justice system with those we who are not informed of the problem, and stay committed to changing racial disparity within our justice system for turn to begin.Causes In researching the high rate of incarceration in America it is more likely than not that the increase in African American Males being incarcerated is due to the War on Drugs (Table 1). It is public knowledge that drug crime ranks high among the effects of poverty. These poor neighborhoods not only endure crime they have poor schools, poor food, cramped livin g areas, and shortage of jobs if any jobs at all.Drugs and drug crime has become regularity in low income communities, arrests of Hispanics made up 55% of cocaine powder offences and 52% of marijuana offenses and 49% involving opiates African Americans were suspected in 75% of nip cocaine cases White males were suspected in 41% all methamphetamine cases (Motivans, M. , 2011). Decades of failed public and private remedies for inveterate disparities and disadvantages in communities of color invite us to reexamine systems and institutions that provide and restrict opportunity in unseasoned ways (Lawrence, K. , 2011).The causes seem to be intertwined being poor equals, equals a poor education, equals lack of employment, and ultimately equals an change magnitude rate of crime. Consequences The causes seem to be intertwined being poor, equals lack of education, which equals lack of employment, which equals increased rate of crime which equals impossible action to join criminal justice system. Also, many of these men are incarcerated while all the other non-incarcerated American young men are finishing school, starting careers, earning seniority at work, marrying and having children thus gaining capital.Even when released from prison, these men return back to their communities with a felony record that will pose extreme problems for them. The incarceration leads the released convict into a lower social class even if they were considered lower class Americans prior to their incarceration they now are lower in social class standing in most instances. This leads to a poor African American community, perhaps as many as 50% of the male population will have been in prison.These incarcerated African American Males, who are in their prime of life, also are leaving fractional the families in this community facing such things as poverty, lack of affordable housing, mental illness, substance abuse, violence, absence of a strong black male role model, lack of access to educ ation, or some type of combination of these factors. The community ultimately will become poverty stricken, struggling to survive, and ultimately vulnerable to the internet site repeating. Solutions How can this be changed? There are four key aspects to addressing racial disparity, in my opinion 1.admit 2. Communication 3. Setback = Strength 4. Commitment Not only is the problem of racial disparity under recognized by society it is not being communicated effectively to make change. Majority pigeonholings needs to acknowledge racial disparity and minority groups need to communicate their knowledge regarding racial disparity. As each group majority and minority begins to become share their information with each other and work together for a common solution acknowledging there will be setbacks but with continued commitment systemic change will happen.Conclusion By refusing to tolerate disparate treatment of people of color or anyone within the criminal justice system we empower ours elves and our country. It is time that everyone including our legislators, law enforcement, prosecutors, defense attorneys, and judges work conjointly and courageously to eradicate this negative stigma. Despite, America being known for its equal rights we are living proofread that in this era inequality is a factor that cannot be taken lightly. The statistics that are surrounding African American males is astounding.We need to empower African American males with the knowledge that they have a one in four chance of becoming incarcerated. It is also important to know that Hispanic males have a one in six chance, and white males have a one in twenty three chance of incarceration. All of these statistics need to be addressed to empower each and every one us. Throughout tale we have not seen a change in majority groups (White, Male) and minority groups (Women, anyone that is not White) although we have seen be of minorities increasing at a fast pace.Today, however, the election of Bar ack Obama, not once but twice, may set the new ideal of what an American actually is. As we embrace different cultures and their ethnic backgrounds society will prosper. As society increases their knowledge, in regards to each persons differences, they will acquire greater power and prosperity. The only issue, that can occur, will be in the short term empowering others to embrace diversity. When we look beyond short-term, focus will shift to diverse empowerment through embracing the knowledge of our differences thus qualification us stronger as a society. prorogue 1 BLACK PROPORTION OF DRUG ARRESTS, EXCLUDING MARIJUANA monomania YEAR BLACK % 1999 40. 1 2000 39. 3 2001 39. 1 2002 35. 8 2003 33. 8 2004 33. 1 2005 33. 2 data calculated from drug arrest figures by race provided by the Uniform Crime Reports division of the FBI TABLE 2 FBI CRIME REPORT Arrests By Race, 2006 11,249 agencies 2006 estimated population 216,685,152 Total White inglorious American Indian or Alaskan Native Asian or Pacific islander Total White Black American Indian or Alaskan Native Asian or Pacific Islander heart 10,437,620.7270214 2924724 130589 112093 atomic number 6. 0 69. 7 28 1. 3 1. 1 Drug abuse violations 1376192 875101 483886 8198 9607 1000 63. 6 35. 1 0. 6 0. 7 DUIS 1034651 914226 95260 13484 11681 100 88. 4 9. 2 1. 3 1. 1 Liquor laws 466323 398068 50035 12831 5389 100 85. 4 10. 7 2. 8 1. 2 Drunken-ness 408439 344155 54113 7884 2287 100 84. 3 13. 2 1. 9 0. 6 Dis-orderly take 5117264 325991 179733 7606 3934 100 63. 0 34. 7 1. 5 0. 8 (The FBI Uniform Crime Report, 2010) References Bureau of Justice Statistics, 2013, http//bjs. ojp. usdoj. gov/index. cfm?ty=tptid=71 The FBI Uniform Crime Reports, 2010, Table 43, http//www. fbi. gov/about-us/cjis/ucr/crime-in-the-u. s/2010/crime-in-the-u. s. -2010/tables/table-43 Federal Judicial Center, 2012, Overview of the United States Court System, http//www. fjc. gov/public/pdf. nsf/ hunting/FJC_Standard_PPT_English_June_2012. pdf/$file /FJC_Standard_PPT_English_June_2012. pdf Lawrence, K. , 2011, Race, Crime, and Punishment Breaking the Connection in America, http//www. aspeninstitute. org/sites/default/files/content/docs/pubs/Race-Crime-Punishment.pdf Motivans, Mark, 2011, Washington, DC US Dept. of Justice Bureau of Justice Statistics, http//bjs. ojp. usdoj. gov/content/pub/pdf/fjs09. pdf National Law Group 2010-2011, http//blacklawyers. net/ Roberts, D. , 2004, Measuring the well-disposed and Moral Cost of Mass Incarceration, in African American Communities, http//www. law. fsu. edu/faculty/2003-2004workshops/roberts. pdf Spohn,C. ,2000, Thirty Years of Sentencing correct The Quest for a Racially Neutral Sentencing Process, http//www. justicestudies. com/pubs/livelink3-1. pdf.

Through Deaf Eyes Essay Example for Free

Through deafen Eyes EssayWhile watching Through Deaf Eyes, there were a lot of things that I didnt specify about before. For example, when they started talking about how counterbalance in deaf schools, African the Statesns were segregated from the rest of the white people I was a detailed thrown off by this. When talking about this in level classes, I neer model about segregating people twice? The deaf community was already misunderstood and had to have their own schools and flat the black deaf community had to be pushed out even farther? This concept started a satisfying new world for me. In my life, I really have n constantly been exposed to sign voice communication before. I think I have only met one real deaf person and he was about three and had a cochlear implant. So, the deaf community has never popped into my mind when it came to things like this. I think that a nonher big part of the movie, for me, was when the students from Gallaudet University protested agai nst their new president because she wasnt deaf. Again, this is not something that I had never thought about before.It was big when Obama first became president that was a big turning point for America and also very moving. I know it was more important to the African American community because of their history and how crazy that was for them Now, I know I cant relate to the deaf community simply I do understand that as an all-deaf university there should be an all-deaf staff, including the president. For those students to fight that hard and win safe goes to show how dedicated they are in preserving their community and not afraid to fight for what they believe in and what is right. I really like how proud and powerful the deaf community is when it comes to standing up for themselves and others. The coda thing that I really liked which was really the first thing, was the man in the very outset of the film. I thought that it was a very powerful way to start.We often dont think abou t what we say before we say it and a comment like, Are you deaf? isnt forever going to turn out well for you in the end. Thats just like that, Thats dauntless comments that some people make. I dont like that word and I try not to repeat it. I have an uncle who is gay and when I hear those kinds of comments I will most liable(predicate) say something about it. I know that if I ever made that mistake about the deaf comment and a deaf person then asked me, Are you hearing? I would feel jolly embarrassed and ashamed.I do admit that I have said that in the past, not ever thinking about it ever hurting someone. I can say now, that I will not say that because it is just like calling something/someone gay when you dont mean it. subsequently watching this movie and especially now that I am taking this class and learning so oftentimes about the deaf culture, I know that I will learn so much more and be able to think with another angle.

Physical Security Principles Essay Example for Free

personal Security Principles Essay sanctuary in numbers has always been a deterrent method when go forth or traveling through places that are not safe. But with egress proper carnal security measures stigmatise in place when leaving any induction or building the need for a gathering will be of no economic consumption. Proper physical security requires ingressing the risk that may cause terrors, vulnerabilities, and attacks when sure principles are not implemented. Physical security as sound refers to tangible impediments to attack or unauthorized presentation. Safety involves having the building, grounds, access to and from the parking area, and other hidden locations secure by firing off, monitoring, and physical patrol. Physical security should involve the inside of the building as well as the outside and adjoining tolerance. Building Security there stop never be too much security for a byplay, corporation, school, or home owner. The threat of an individual causing bodily harm or taking personal beprospicientings without permission are very high if proper equipment and resort precautions are not taken. Proper punk and cameras should accommodate buildings for the safety device and protection of employees, staff, and students.Securing the mental quickness and the type of risk that is ssociated with each building will need analyzing and assessed for protection. Each facility is different when providing security for their site. Federal buildings will not require the same type of protection as a bakery. Security for Building Occupants and Assets (2009) states that it may require addressing certain situations such as unauthorized entry/trespass (forced and covert), insider threats, explosive threats, stationary and moving vehicle-delivered, mail bombs, package bombs ballistic threats, small arms, high-powered rifles, drive-by shootings, and so forth weapons of mass destruction (chemical, biological, and radiological) disruptive threats (hoaxes, false reports, malicious attempts to disrupt operations) cyber and information security threats (WBDG, 09).Each business building structure will determine the basic requirements for securing the safety and well being of staff and personnel. unity size do not fit all unless according to Katz and Capsi, 2003, states Prior to running out and ordering millions of dollars of protective equipment, professionals should evaluate the overall security of your facility and a detailed report of the results should be prepared.Ground Security Another key issue that complements the safety of any building is the lighting of that building. Lighting inside and outside of a building can help deter physical mishaps and attacks The lighting should be situated at every entry and exit and also throughout the building and also positioned correctly for better angles and views of open areas and spaces. Perimeter security lighting should also be available for long corridors and parking garages. C orrect lighting in these places can give patrons a better visual of their milieu and also allow them to see what may be obstructing their path.Having proper lighting and cameras may not be enough to keep out unwanted activity. Employing trained security professionals to patrol the facilities can add to deterring criminals. hire security guards by a reputable company can add to the buildings safety and that of the patrons coming and going. How in all likelihood a crime target any specific building is, depends on the perceived gain to the perpetrator, balance against his perceived risk of apprehension or defeat (Witherspoon, 2002). The presence of a trained guard can limit the amount of loitering or negative behavior outside and offer a feeling of safety to staff and employees who are ntering or leaving the building.Technology Advancement Physical security for any facility is a major factor for keeping safe and having modern technology on site is a greater addition. Protecting the facilities assets requires the company to stay ahead with modern day upgrades and devices for ensuring that whatever or whomever is gaining access to the property is suppose to be there. Monitoring the individuals who enter through facility access control and perimeter fences or installing video and closed circuit television surveillance can eliminate trespassers and those with no prior business on the property.Personal identification systems can also be established that use fingerprints and biometrics to gain access into any facility for staff and personnel. The amount of technology to use for physical security is unlimited depending on the facility and what needs protecting. Conclusion Physical security involves many components such as location, configuration, size, shape, and many other vital attributes that comes with a standing structure.Keeping people safe on the inside as well as those on the outside requires security principles that go beyond what solely the normal eye can see. Applying the correct physical equipment to lower the risk of unwanted behaviors and attacks depends on how well the perimeter is guarded. Advanced technology including cameras and monitoring systems add to the insurance of physical security and if used in good order can lower the possibility of threats. There is never an answer for what system works best but using a variety of methods is sure to make leaving work a little safer.

Edward II Essay Example for Free

Edward II EssayThroughout Edward II, Marlowe uses a variety of stimulating techniques to present the drama as a history shape. Marlowe manages to use the tradition of the history or history play and develop it further producing an extremely compelling, unique piece of work. It is a play which on one hand shows structural affinities with the chronicle plays, in that it has a stirring plot with a rapid flow of incident and plenty of variety while on the other hand it has points of linkup with tragedy in its attempts to show on stage heart-rending slams filled with passionate utterances, deep pathos and game tragic dignity. This can be seen in Act four, scene two where the pace quickens as Marlowe deviates between countries. We see Edward receiving the news that Isabella, Mortimer, Kent and the young prince Edward are collecting an army in Hainault to attack on exponent Edward Ah villains, hath that Mortimer escaped? With him is Edmund gone associate? And will sir John of Hain ault lead the round? Marlowe therefore states historical moments, which did truly occur, but real, human, affectionate feelings are also shown from Edward, which makes the drama so much more intriguing.Also, in this scene the importance of Prince Edward continues to grow in a carefully controlled way. In the midst of Edwards anger and warlike preparations, Marlowe instantaneously has him spare a moment to think kindly of his son, whom he describes as a little boy Ah, nothing grieves me but my little boy If thus misled to countenance their ills. Here, Marlowe shows the sentimental, humane feelings of Edward, human emotions we usually do not experience in history plays.In Edward II it is therefore made clear that the characters not only sustain its plot but also carry the emotional burden of the play. He has touch a balance between a plot whose events are directed by its hero and one, which develops separately of him and reacts upon him. The historical evidence is presented in a form that is dramatic and vivid in our minds therefore producing a thought-provoking, emotional drama.

Digital Bangladesh Essay Example for Free

digital Bangladesh EssayBangladesh is a developing country. She achieved independence 42 historic period ago but still she depends on foreign helps regarding many issues. She is trapped in a toilet of problems such as poverty, over population, unemployment, corruption, health hazard, food and accommodation crisis, illiteracy and so forth But, the present giving medication has promised and started taking steps to change the situation and has determined to build a Digital Bangladesh. The sense of Digital Bangladesh is not clear yet. We assume that the gov. wants to make Bd fully digitalized by the year of 2021 through industriousness of third gear generation learning and communication technology. It was an election manifesto(2008) of Awami League, one of the leading political parties of Bangladesh. The philosophy of Digital Bangladesh comprises ensuring populates nation and human rights, transparency, accountability, establishing justice and ensuring delivery of gov. serv ices to the citizens through maximum use of technology with the overall improvement of the daily lifestyle of people of all classes.The government further emphasized on the four elements of DB Visions which are human resource development, people development, civil services and use of information technology in all possible sectors. It is not only e-governance or e-commerce or e-banking or cannonball along a country wide mobile phone network, it is a combination of all of them. It is a country-wide application of 3G ICT to institutionalize the best management practices in every sectors and sub-sectors. The scope of Digital Bangladesh is very wide. It includes the following substances democracy and effective parliament, political framework, decentralization of power and peoples participation, good governance through establishing observe of law and avoiding political partisanship, corruption free society, empowerment and equal rights for women, economic development and initiative, in frastructural development, environment etc.To digitalize Bangladesh with 3G technology in 12 years is fairly ambitious. It needs strong commitment and strategic planning for sustainable Digital Bangladesh. The starting must focus on developing infrastructure in terms of hardware, software and manpower. Merely buying millions of computers and distributing among several thousand workstations in educational institutions, commercial and medical checkup organizations go away not digitalize Bangladesh. Local qualified manpower must be available to run the system without depending on foreign experts.To produce such human resources, government must assign highest precedence to theimprovement of science, technology and management education and develop our own manpower. Unless we perform the basic terms, Digital Bangladesh will make Bangladesh highly vulnerable by making dependent on those nations that manufacture, control and distribute ICT. Sustainability is more(prenominal) imp than st arting. If we fail to manage a sustainable digital Bangladesh with our own resources, Digital Bangladesh 2021 will vituperate rather than benefit the nation. But if we succeed, Bangladesh will achieve independence literally.

The Esoc Board Essay Example for Free

The Esoc Board EssayAs mentioned in Lecture 3 and the textbook, most system of logic circuits today are built using programmable logic devices (PLDs). These devices allow circuits to be built bringly onto virtuoso chips, without the need for interconnection of separate, single purpose ICs. The eSOC II (electronic System-on-a-Chip) board is knowing to allow a direct larboard between the Quartus II software and the Altera Cyclone II EP2C8 FPGA. The board provides an interface to the chip, along with supporting interface hardware. Details about the construction and use of the eSOC II board are available in the eSOC II Users run supplied with the board. The following is a summary of information taken from that Guide. The eSOC II board is shown in reckon 1 (taken from the User Guide from Arches Computing Systems).The board contains the Altera FPGA (in the center), a 24 MHz clock bloodline (U8 to the left of the FPGA), and numerous input switches and output displays. Figure 1 eSOC II Board (from User Guide September 6, 2006) at that place are three types of input switches, single-pole-double-throw (SPDT) toggle switches (S1 and S2), debounced push-button (SPST) switches (DB0 and DB1), and non-debounced push-button switches (B0 B3). Bouncing is a mechanical assemble where a switch rapidly alternates between on and off when pressed as the metal contacts exact and break connection as the parts bounce off each other. A debounced switch is designed so that any closure produces a single on to off or off to on indication.The output features include red LEDs (RED0 RED7), green LEDs (GRN0 GRN7) and two seven-segment displays (Digit0 and Digit1). The FPGA uses a random access retentivity (RAM) technology. This pull up stakes be explained in a later course, for now the key concept is that a program is stored and kept up(p) only as long as the power is applied (like a document you forget to save, the data disappears when the power is removed). This means that every time the eSOC II board is turned off, the program in the FPGA is lost. There is a method to save a program using a different type of memory that is on the board. This memory, U3, stores the program even after power is removed. This feature will be explored in a later course.

Lyme Disease Essay Example for Free

Lyme affection EssayChronic Lyme indisposition has been a polemic topic for many years. Researchers are in between opinions to determine if this disease really does exist. Lyme disease is a tick-borne disease that passes to the ticks host once it has latched on and started feeding. The disease goes into the hosts melodic phrase and implants a bacterium called Borrelia burgdorferi. This type of bacterium is from the spirochete family.Stricker (2008) Chronic infections with the Lyme spirochete, Borrelia burgdorferi, is rare and non-existent, and the concept of chronic Lyme disease rest on faith- ground opinion rather than evidence-based science (Chronic Lyme Disease and the Axis of Evil). This is an article from a very popular website for medical information. The source may get to a sense of bias toward circumstance topics. The statement, rest on faith-based opinion rather than evidence-based science is a fallacy.According to the Center for Disease check up on and Preventio n (2013), Approximately 10 to 20% of forbearings treated for Lyme disease with a recommended 24 hebdomad course of antibiotics will have lingering symptoms of fatigue, pain, or joint and muscle aches. In some cases, these fuck last for more than 6 months. Although often called chronic Lyme disease, this condition is properly known as Post-treatment Lyme Disease Syndrome (PTLDS) (Post-Treatment Lyme Disease Syndrome).This backs up the other half of researches stating that Lyme disease does not always go away after the initial treatment. There are known cases in which the symptoms are still active in the patient and must continue with treatment. This article comes from a credible presidential term organization that has a goal to remark the disease in the United States and inform the people of necessary information pertaining to different diseases and illnesses. The CDC is controlled by our countries government and is not to take a bias view on various topics.The data used is base d upon studies that have been performed on human and non-human research. In conclusion it is clear that the first article did not have supporting studies however the second one did. Both articles are credible but the CDC is a government funded agency that is committed to the well-being of the people. Having back-up studies and scientific evidence to support any arguments that are made is serious to keeping credibility, making sure the information is reliable, and the data gathered is valid.

Beers Law Lab Essay Example for Free

Beers faithfulness Lab EssayObjectiveThe purpose of this science lab is to demonstrate that there is a linear human relationship between the outlet of molecules that can absorb light exemplify in a stem and the tot of light absorbed by a resultant. This lab should prove that Beers practice of law and the equation A=a x b x c, is a linear relationship. ProcedureThe only deviations in the lab procedure was that the pullulate firmness was made before arrival to the lab with 0.570 g of KMnO4 in 0. ergocalciferol L. The diluted resolvents and the Spec 20 were utilise as directed in the lab manual. The same(p)(p) cuvette was used each(prenominal) time to eliminate misplay. Cuvettes atomic number 18 altogether made differently and capture a end in how they measure. If a new cuvette was used each time, the data would be slightly off cod to the possibility of each cuvette having different characteristics which affect the measurements in the Spec 20. Data CalculationsT o find the thou of the telephone line solution* agate line Molarity is moles/ Liters so in the equation below the first half is finding the number of moles of KMnO4 and the second half is dividing the moles by the liters of the solution. Grams of KMnO4 x (1 mole / molar mass (158.04g)) / Liters of crinkle solution = molarity of Stock Solution 0.570g KMnO4 x (1 mole / 158.04g) / 0.500 Liters = 0.00721 MTo find the molarity of solution 1*Note To find the molarity of the first solution, use the molarity tack for the gillyflower solution. Since 5.00 mL of the stock solution was used to make solution 1, multiply the molarity of the stock solution by 5.00 mL to get the moles of solution 1. Once the moles of solution 1 have been found, divide that by the liters of water that were added to solution 1. The 0. kilobyte0 L comes from the 100 mL volumetric flask the solution was made in. mL of stock solution x (moles of stock solution / liter) / total liters of solution 1 (volumetric flas k) = M of solution 1 5.00 mL stock solution x (0.00721 moles / 1000mL ) / 0.10000 L = 0.000361 MTo find the molarity of solution 2*Note To find the molarity of solution 2, follow the same steps for solution 1 except use 2.00 mL instead of 5.00 mL. The same steps are used due to solution 2 being diluted from the stock solution. mL of stock solution x (moles of stock solution / liter) / total Liters in solution 2(Volumetric flask) = M of solution 2 2.00 mL stock solution x (0.00721 moles / 1000 mL) / 0.10000L = 0.000144 MTo find the molarity of solution 3*Note To find the molarity of the thirdly solution the same procedure is followed as finding the molarity of the first solution, except you go forth be using the molarity of the first solution since solution three was made using the first solution. mL of solution 1 x ( moles of solution 1 / 1 L) /total liters in solution 3( volumetric flask) =M of solution 3 50.00mL solution 1 x (0.00721 moles / 1000 mL) / 0.10000 = 0.000181 MTo fi nd the molarity of solution 4*Note to find the molarity of the fourth solution follow the steps for finding the molarity of the third solution except use the molarity of solution 2 since solution 4 was made with 50.00 ml of solution 2. mL of solution 2 x ( moles of solution 2 / 1 L) /total liters in solution 4 (volumetric flask) = M of solution 4 50.00 mL solution 2 x (0.000144 moles / 1000 mL ) / 0.10000 L = 0.000072 M Table 1. The molar concentration, absorbance values, percent transmittance, average absorbance and transmittance values are shown in the table below. Solution Molar ConcentrationTrialAbsorbance% TAverage AbsorbanceAverage % T10.00003605 M10.82115.10.81415.320.81115.430.81115.520.0001442 M10.32447.40.32547.320.32647.230.32447.430.0001805 M10.38840.90.40239.620.40639.230.41338.740.000072 M10.208620.20961.820.20861.930.21161.5Figure 1. The figure below shows the absorbance vs. the molar concentration of KMnO4.To find the extinction coefficientThe extinction coefficient is found by A/bc = a. A/c is the slope of the line from figure 1. 3139.9/(mol/L) x 1.00 cm =aa= 3139.9 L * mol-1 * cm-1Discussion and ConclusionIn this lab the equation of Beers law was proven to have a linearrelationship. The purpose was to show that molar concentration and absorbance are proportional to each other. This was proved through diluting solutions and using a spec 20 to determine the absorbance values. The solutions were diluted to deliberate different molar concentrations and each concentration was placed in the spec 20. After creating a circularize plot it was obvious to see as the molar concentration increases the absorbance increases. This is because there are more particles present at higher molar concentrations and therefore more light will be absorbed by the particles present.There were many possible offsets of error in this experiment. First, if one solution was diluted ill-judgedly all of the following solutions were diluted wrong since they came from the f irst incorrectly diluted solution. One of the solutions in the experiment could have been diluted wrong, causing all of the solutions to have incorrect dilutions and the calculated values, especially the extinction coefficient, to have incorrect values. Another source of error is that when diluting the solutions not all of the solution directs were done exactly due to whatsoever of the solution being transferred was often left in the pipet.The drops left in the pipet after the transfer could make a difference in the actual molar concentration of each solution. The last source of error occurs from not placing the cuvette in the spec 20 at the same orientation. Although the same cuvette was used each trial, some carelessness may have resulted in the cuvette not being placed in the same orientation each time. Because the sides of the cuvette may be different the readings from the spec 20 may be off. The finding of the lab is that Beers Law equation is indeed linear, and the absorban ce is proportional to the molar concentration. If this lab were preformed again the stock solution should be placed in the spec 20 machine and the absorbance should also be found. The measurements from the stock solution could have provided even more evidence to the conclusion. Overall though the lab was very boffo in determining the relationship of the equation in Beers Law.Questions2. A larger cuvette diameter will produce a higher absorbance value. The diameter of the cuvette is the path length, or b, in the equation A = a x b x c. The larger the path length, the higher the absorbance will be becauseyou are multiplying a and c by a higher value. Also there is more particles present in a larger path length to absorb light. 3. To find the extinction coefficient the equation A/cb= a is used. A larger cuvette diameter, or path length, would result in a smaller extinction coefficient. The larger the number is on the bottom the smaller the value of the extinction coefficient. 4. Solut ion 4 probably has the greatest error because it was the last solution to be diluted. Any errors made in diluting a solution will require through to the last solution diluted because the first solutions are used to dilute the latter solutions. For precedent if solution 1 is incorrectly diluted then solution 3 will be incorrectly diluted and then solution 4 will be incorrectly diluted.

Banana Flour Essay Example for Free

banana Flour EssayThe industry is growing at fast rate due to increase in population and purchase power, tastes and preference change. And the supply of feeds from dredge by-product as well as availableness of cheap noodles grows. Four of the largest millers on the Philippines alone comprise the bulk of potential market for suppliers of fortificants (Vitamin A and Iron), as well as equipments or machineries, and labor in fortification.Over the past few years, different kinds of crisis or problems atomic number 18 reported and felt here in the Philippines and in other parts of the world, one of which is wellness Problem or Malnutrition. Today, we are experiencing malnutrition. Malnutrition is the condition that results from taking an unbalanced diet in which certain nutrients are lacking, in excess, or in the wrong proportion the World Health Organization cities malnutrition as the superlative single threat to the worlds public health.Testing and studies show that cassava and potato begin an ability to become flour. But it has poor availability because it is tropical root crop. So we decided to touch on a study about Banana. This study will help us to find the way that the flour or banana flour can be a great help to us. Theres so many fruit in the world and each of them have their uses.

Tourism as a Form of Neocolonialism

Tourism as a Form of Neo colonialismOne of the nearly crucial atomic number 18as at bottom the belles-lettres is how motive plays a persona in the development of touring carry. The specific balances of post circumscribe how phaetonry go off be authentic in a region, and whether this is an endemicly motivated offshoot or part of a neo-colonialist agenda. Butler and Hinch (2007308-309) point egress that power is usually non equally distri howevered indoors most regions, and that political power and stinting power determine how touristry develops. For example, in Australia the pristine plurality argon encouraged to engage in touristry development, yet they rescue little interpret in how this development occurs, and they overhear few stand fors to access their specific cultural images or representations. Whilst this shows the distinction in power, the work does not show what the consequences of this ar. It shows that non-indigenous people do not often have reserve over touristry development, but not what the agenda of the non-indigenous stopping point is. Also, this is a specific grounds involving indigenous and non-indigenous peoples in iodine country, kinda than 1 region lacking control over their touristry strategies in light of watch from conflicting organisations.However, this argument is a solid starting point because it is from such economic and political inequalities that tourism as neo-colonialism occurs. From the 1960s onwards, tourism was gossipn as a great moderniser that could improve the prospects of development countries. However, because these development countries often did not have the means to develop this intentness themselves, the resources and expertise of developed countries make it possible. This overly meant the developed countries set the agenda for development, foc use on what would be a good bewilder for a developed country in Europe, for instance. This, as stated by Hughes (in Lew, Hall an d Williams, 2004498-499) behind be used as a way for developed countries to declare control over maturation nations and maintain the need for their dependency on developed countries. However, this does not adequately rationalize whether this type of neo-colonial development was short-lived, or whether it however continues today. Also, it disembodied spirits at the line only from whether tourism itself in this form is useful for the destination region, quite than the intertwined family relationship of all regions involved tourism activities.The point creation missed here(predicate) is that it is logical for umpteen tourism initiatives to be twistd and determined by the take of those breakside the destination region. Whilst topical anaesthetic tourism is bingle concern, it is a small concern when compared to the possible economic avails of attracting tourists from developed countries. As Akama (in Hall and Tucker, 2004140-141) points out, this is sure the pillow s lipperiness in the development of safari tourism in Africa. It was initially created during the colonial era, and is serene influenced by the power structures that existed at this time. This was certainly necessary in terms of the development of tourism as contrary enthronement was required. However, what is crucial here is that this neo-colonial influence means that whilst tourism meets the needs of those from developed countries, so the revenues generated often do not remain in spite of appearance the destination market, and so no development past this tourism is considerably possible whilst there is such a reliance on the developed countries.How this is interpreted really depends on the specific levels of empowerment being discussed. Church and Coles (2007205) understand there are three types of empowerment national, local and person-to-person. If we are talking somewhat national empowerment, then tourism does suffer from neo-colonial influence. This is because national economies in virtually evolution countries remain qualified on specifically westward-centric forms of tourism and its development. However, the influence is perhaps less obvious at local and personal level. Tourism provides work and jobs, which sack help individuals ingrain external from earlier levels of poverty. It can also revitalise an area and provide new facilities for locals. However, this is very much dependent on the type of tourism being developed and the specific economic level of locals versus the facilities being created. What is clear here is that even though tourism at a national level can be deemed neo-colonial in many areas, this does not mean the neo-colonial influence reaches down to create ban consequences at the local or personal levels.However, according to Ric challengings and Hall (200327) it is likely that negative neo-colonial influence can extend to the local or personal level, particularly if the type of tourism pays little attention to traditi onal culture and its values. Also, where tourism occurs in only near regions indoors a country, it adversely affects former(a) regions. As capital is invested in one region, another region can suffer and gain more power. This leads to unequal development, and also could leave locals with a choice betwixt living in an area where their traditional cultures are eroded but money is avail able-bodied, or living where traditions are maintained but investiture is not forthcoming. However, this still does not render whether current tourism practices are specifically neo-colonial. It only shows that in its most extreme form, neo-colonial tourism can have a negative impact at all levels and can maintain power inequalities, patronage the seeming economic advantages on the surface.This idea of pervasive neo-colonialism in tourism is reinforced by Mowforth and Munt (200856-57). They explain that countries such as Fiji, despite political independence, remain neo-colonialist economies becaus e their continued constancy and prosperity depend upon tourism from Western countries. This means further development has to take into account these needs, and also helps to maintain prior colonial spatial structures because they are best suited for the needs of the market that remains so weighty to the country. Whilst this certainly seems to the consensus when it comes to many ontogenesis countries that depend on tourism, the focus is perhaps too much provided on the economic impacts rather than the capableness impacts that neo-colonialism done tourism could have on race, culture and class.For example, Crick (199465) points out a write up by Mendis (1981) that suggests the temper of tourism in Sri Lanka has led to a culture of obsequiousness that risks creating a generation of butlers. This wipes away cultural traditions and places racial inequalities between the tourists who are served and the locals who serve them. In localise to continue bringing in tourists, these cou ntries have to hide other inequalities and poverty, thereby potencyly making these occupations worsened down the line and tacitly helping to maintain the stereotypes and inequalities between developed countries and the destination region. This again shows that neo-colonial tourism has, at least in the past and possibly still now, occurred. However, what is the overall level of tourism as neo-colonialism, and are there different onslaughtes to tourism than the neo-colonialist lift?One area that could be described as a response or antidote to neo-colonial tourism is the increasing growth of the independent traveller. These are people who do not tend to visit regular tourist destinations, and do not seek out established tourist structures. These individuals believe they are not contributing to the inequalities that are seen through major tourist development, but in feature such inequalities are often inescapable. As tourists move away from one tourist area to independently travel, new lines of tourism are unavoidably formed. Also, by attempting to control or decide exposure to tourist facilities, the traveller is inadvertently contributing to lasts about the development of certain areas. For example, some boatmen and guides in India have licenses that restrict the areas they can go with tourists. This means tourists have great access and mobility within the destination environment than the local guides another example of inequality, even when it is merely an effort to potentially resign a less neo-colonial tourist experience. Furthermore, it is this idea of First World tourist determining the agenda to the ordinal World that contributes to inequalities, no bailiwick the form of tourism being developed (Lozanski, 200831-33).This is perhaps the biggest problem -that the wide-cut debate is only focused on the flow of mobility, education, economics and decision-making in one direction. For example, the tourist website in Jamaica is often looked at from the negative neo-colonial standpoint, where erect foreign hotel chains such as RIU Hotels mean that much of the money generated through tourism leaves Jamaica and ends up back in Western countries (Dei, 2006 200). Even though this is a valid criticism, it only looks at the situation from one side. It does not take into account the desires and needs of the Jamaican people, and whether or not having these hotels that remove revenue from the economy is any worse than having no industry at all. It is not specifically that revenue is removed, but how this decision is made. If it is developed as part of an indigenously-led tourism model, then it cannot be seen to be totally negative. This is not studied enough in the literature, and the literature does not look at the implicit in(p) decision-making processes of countries in terms of tourism development.For example, it should not be assumed that just because an area is developed to meet tourists needs and some elements of traditional cul ture removed that this is going to have a negative impact on the local population or that it is unwanted. This is only our perception from the Western-centric thought that it is unwanted. Maintenance of traditional culture is not always desired by locals, and in fact its alimentation whitethorn be antithetical to other types of growth. For example, in Beijing, China, many of the traditional hutong streets and residences are being replaced with newer storeyed buildings and commercial buildings. Whilst some bemoan the loss of this culture, it can provide better accommodation and facilities to locals who lived in these senile areas, and can provide much-needed jobs and activities for a growing middle class (Kuhn, 2006).Not all tourism is controlled by international corporations and their influence over the destination region. Local and nationally-controlled tourism initiatives perform differently to neo-colonial tourism, and can potentially empower and help a nation to grow. This is of course shown in developed countries most readily, where locally controlled tourism helps preserve aspects of culture that are deemed locally important, as well as helping regions to develop and move closer together. However, it is less obvious and prevalent in developing countries. More research is required here, out-of-door of the few specific examples that are generally cited to show how local tourism initiatives in developing countries are providing an alternative to the neo-colonial model (Theobald, 199869).The issue is that any adverse effect from tourism or any specifically capitalist market-driven decision in tourism is often seen as neo-colonialism in practice, but in fact the deeper roots of the decision need to be looked at rather than merely the outcomes. Local tourism initiatives may take advantage of capitalist structures for tourism development and specifically cater development to the needs of those from developed countries as well as their own people. It is th erefore important to focus on the specific underlying influence of certain power structures on tourist decisions around the dry land, and this go away give a clearer provide as to the true prevalence of neo-colonialism within tourism (Sharma, 200466-67).It must not be seen that changes within a country receivable to tourism are specifically because of neo-colonialism, or that tourism is merely the yoke that replaces colonialism in many countries. Whilst this is certainly true is some areas, it is also true that change occurs naturally and that tourism, whether influenced by foreign corporations or not, is a lucrative business (Mowforth and Munt, 200849).However, the real test for neo-colonial influence is whether these changes from tourism and the way tourism has developed is down to local needs and wishes, or whether it is purely created by undue influence from large foreign corporations. It could well be argued though that there is a thin line between the inequalities that in evitably emerge from a neo-liberal market due to the economic and political inequalities between the developing and developed human being and the direct influence of neo-colonialism on tourism. Both can lead to negative consequences for developing countries, even though the decision-making processes might be quite different (Jamal and Robinson, 2009154-155).In windup, the literature followup shows that tourism has and continues to be a neo-colonial activity in at least some areas of the world, and that this has likely led to negative effects for developing countries. However, there are certainly gaps in the literature in terms of how much of tourism is found on neo-colonial ideals, and no real mention of tourism in developed countries, which contributes a lot to tourism and obviously is generally not seen as neo-colonial in nature. However, even if merely focusing on developing countries, there is a lack of data about the root causes for decisions in these areas, and too much o f a focus on negative outcomes that perhaps have more to do with general economic inequalities rather than the prevalence of neo-colonialism in tourism.The next section entrust attempt to look at ways in which theoretical frameworks and research methods can be used to fill the gaps in this research and come to a conclusion about the outcome to which tourism is a neo-colonial activity.MethodologyFor this paper, primary research was initially considered as a method, but was dismissed because of the difficulty of access to potential participants. Much of the focus of tourism as neo-colonialism has to be on developing countries, which immediately makes data collection more difficult. Also, in light of potential conflicts of interest between workers within tourism industries in these developing countries and those that employ them makes primary research not viable for this specific topic. at that placefore, secondary research is the most logical design for this paper. This also follows on from the findings of the literature survey, which identified a number of gaps in the research as well as areas of research that can be examined in greater detail using various theoretical frameworks. This methodology section will outline the various secondary research methods that will be used, how these fit in with the literature review findings and what they can bring to the raillery on the prevalence of tourism as a neo-colonial activity.The first important thing to remember is to avoid misreading the extent of neo-colonialism by being stuck within the perspective of neo-colonialism as the entire framework for the research. The study must not merely be conducted from the viewpoint of the First World, and must look at how both roots of decision-making within tourism and outcomes are perceived from the perspective of developing countries. We must also look at the way in which those tourists from developing countries flow into other developing countries and developed countries , as this will help us to understand the bigger picture when it comes to tourism and its activities. In order to avoid making snap judgements about the nature of tourism, the scope of synopsis needs to be broadened and a multi-perspective approach adopted. This is of course challenging, and it is difficult to avoid Western-centric thinking at times. However, it is only by using this method that the true motivations for tourism activity around the world can be understood. As Ateljevic, Pritchard and Morgan (200724-26) explain, this is cognise as de-centrising the tourism universe.This is important as a methodological basis for the further research, because the literature review identifies the fact that many sources focus only on the problem from a Western perspective, particularly when espousing the problems of neo-colonialism. For example, many of the definitions or examples of neo-colonialism focus on the way in which Western countries such as the US took advantage of countries s uch as Cuba as their playground, and that this was detrimental to the country. This does not take into account the perspective of Cuba, and also the other political aspects that led to negative outcomes in the region reasons that are far wider than merely the Western influence on the tourism industry (Jafari, 2003122).However, taking a broader approach does not mean ignoring specific eccentric person studies and examples that could shed light on the nature of tourism in developing countries, particularly as it stands now. Whilst it should be left to those in these countries to decide what aspects of their culture are authentic or changeable, it can clearly be seen in areas such as the Caribbean that, economically at least, tourism is still dominated by the predominantly white and Western corporate influence. For example, most hotel managers in the region are still expatriates, with only trim back positions being held by locals. This may not be a deliberate example of neo-colonia lism as it may genuinely be that this is the best way to make the business successful. However, it is surely an area that needs exploring and greater taking into custody given to how these unequal structures arise and if they are indeed only a small problem or part of a large problem of Western dominance over these industries (Bennett, 200515-17).This is why case study methodology is important in this paper. There are many existing case studies already evident, but as mentioned many of them do not take forward this multi-perspective approach to understand the decision-making within tourism and how this reduces or increases potential inequalities, and whether or not these inequalities are directly part of neo-colonial practice or for other reasons. Tourism is a process, which unless there is an obviously dominant hegemony at work, requires a look at the complex flow of planetary ideas, people and capital. As global trends change, so case studies must look at the current situation and not merely stick to preconceived notions of inequality (Salazar, in Richards and Munsters, 2010188).The case study approach can be an initial entry into understanding some specific examples of tourism activity in various countries, and then different trends or patterns can be identified in order to start forming a more general and overall understanding of the pervasiveness of neo-colonialism within tourism. The case study is useful here as well because it is less important to understand the outcomes of decision-making, because these can be negative or positive no matter the influence. Instead, it is important, through a multi-perspective approach, to understand the root decision-making within tourism around the world, and this will determine whether tourism is merely serving a neo-colonial agenda or whether it is rattling a complex global process that is influenced by foreign and local actors in different ways, leash to different outcomes in different areas rather a definite neo-colonial dominance (Beeton, in Ritchie, Burns and Palmer, 200537-40).There are many good examples of potential case studies that can be analysed and used to build up this wider picture that do not necessarily just fit into the traditional model of viewing a tourist area from the position of Western dominance and developing world dependency. For example, Wearing and McDonald (2002191) look at the role that intermediaries play in isolated rural communities in Papua New Guinea. This is not focusing on the outcomes of tourism, but looking at how different groups interact, and that it is possible through intermediaries for the tourist to be an equal part of a system rather than at its centre. This would suggest the potential for a power shift away from neo-colonialism, even if inequalities and certain negative outcomes may continue and wider issues of economic neo-colonialism continue. This means that tourism does not have to be specifically neo-colonial in nature, even if other ineq ualities persist for now.Another good example is a study by Hasty (200247) that looks at tourism across Africa and the promotion of Pan-Africanism. This study focuses on tourism in Ghana that is controlled by those within the country and developed to promote more unity within Africa. The problem here is that various different agendas mean that tourist events to promote Pan-Africanism remove discussion of potential differences and contradictions. In this virtuoso it is not merely a problem of neo-colonialism, but wider concerns between a shape of actors and the careful balancing act between culture, politics and economic interests.Finally, for tourism as neo-colonial activity and its extent to be understood, current research should be understood in light of the global post-colonial landscape. This fits in with the multi-perspective approach previously mentioned, as it goes beyond the initial attempts to correct neo-colonialism that themselves could lead to colonial inequalities. Fo r example, appealing to sustainable tourism as a means to combat neo-colonialism could exacerbate the problem because the agenda and demands for sustainability would be set by the developed countries once again, and did not necessarily take into account the needs to the destination regions. The post-colonial framework goes beyond this to look at the situation from all perspectives rather than the previous ideal of trying to light up the inequalities created from neo-colonialism and colonialism to begin with this (Carrigan, 2010202-203).For example, if we look at the case of tourism in the West Indies in a post-colonial sense, we can see many of the previous inequalities that may have been associated with neo-colonialism. These inequalities could be viewed as part of neo-colonialism if viewed from one perspective or not adequately analysed. Rich West Indian minority elites have taken charge of some parts of the tourism industry, and are exhibiting similar dominance and influence to previous neo-colonial influence. However, as the inequalities in this sense shift and neo-colonialism becomes less of an issue, the negative effects on many of the local population remain. Further, these new leaders within the market can move into the international market, and therefore a greater interactive sort of tourism begins where flows of money and influence come from developing countries as well as to developing countries (Laws, Faulkner and Moscado, 1998231-232).It is also likely that the definition of neo-colonialism will need to alter as globalisation continues and companies become more global in their outreach and ideals. Multinationals may then be as entwined in the destination region as their previous region of origin, or the multinational may indeed originate in the destination region. This alters how these companies are able to influence tourism, and also how they positively or negatively influence tourism. What was previously a one-way relationship will develop in to a complex dialogue between consumers, employees, companies and both local and national governments to determine how tourism develops and where its interests lie (Page and Connell, 2006467).It may be that neo-colonialism only exists in its most extreme form in specific types of tourism that are already of an exploitive nature, such as sex tourism. These forms of tourism are unequal because of the very nature of the activity, but these forms of tourism are slowly being removed and trim back in the post-colonial world as all actors within the tourist industry begin to deem them unacceptable. However, it is hard to completely remove these problems due to greater issues of economic inequality outside of the tourist industry (Bauer and Holowinska, 20096).Overall, the approach to the research needs to be multi-perspective, focused on a wide variety of case studies in order to build up a picture of the current status of tourism. Most importantly, it needs to be set within the post-colo nial context and the questions to be answered determined by the subjects rather than the researcher. This will give a view of tourism as neo-colonialism that is not already mired in neo-colonialist thought (Belsky, in Phillimore and Goodson, 2004286).The discussion section of the dissertation will use these methods to analyse the topic, and then the following conclusion section will summarise these findings and further recommendations for research.ConclusionIn conclusion, the main findings in this paper areThere is still a clear economic imbalance between the First World and Third World, which is caused by a variety of factors including First World hegemony and the effects of colonialism and neo-colonialism.The Western, developed nations still dominate the tourist market, mainly due to their economic superiority. Cultural changes are less of an issue than they were during the colonial era, but economic dominance can still undermine destination cultures. Developing countries still ne ed the money in the form of investment to build up tourist markets, and this allows Western countries to dictate terms, including the flow of money back to developed countries through multinational companies and the use of expatriate staff over local staff. This is not simply a matter for tourism however, and is a problem in almost all economic sectors. In tourism the problem is no worse, and in fact in many ways it is more of a closed system. The benefits of tourism often go to Western countries, but in general these are the countries that fuel demand. Sometimes this neo-colonialism shows itself within the tourist industry, leading to inequalities and negative outcomes for developing countries.Not all negative outcomes within tourism are due to neo-colonialist factors, and not all neo-colonialist factors within tourism lead to negative outcomes, particularly when looked upon from national, local and personal levels.Tourism as neo-colonialism does keep developing countries dependent on developed countries, particularly if tourism is a large part of their GDP. However, not all factors should be considered negative, because it is not just tourism that keeps developing countries dependent on developed countries. Overall economic and political inequalities also contribute, as do internal problems within developing countries such as poor management, lack of resources, wars and political instabilities. Tourism, even when dominated by foreign companies, does provide much-needed jobs that may not otherwise be available, and can help to maintain political stability in countries because of the needed revenues from tourism.Also, not all tourism that is locally influenced is positive. It can still be exploitative between different regions or ethnic groups, and can do as much damage to culture and the environment as neo-colonial tourism.Much of the research is too focused on outcomes and the potential ways to solve neo-colonialist problems within tourism.Outcomes are not t he main focus here. The focus should be on the initial decision-making process, because this is where influence and inequalities are most keenly felt. Currently, the research that condemns neo-colonialism only further imbeds it because it is too Western-centric and does not understand the differences between what might reverse foreign influence and what is actually wanted and accepted by the destination countries.Instead, a post-colonial, multi-perspective approach shows that whilst neo-colonialism in tourism still persists, global flows of money and information are changing, and with it so is tourism.The world has changed in the last fifteen years or more with the rapid development of technology and the internet. This has globalised corporation to some extent and has allowed information flows to go in different directions for the first time. For instance, the Chinese are a growing influence on world tourism, both in terms of China as a destination and its growing wealthy class as tourists travelling around the world. These sorts of developments therefore need to be looked at from different perspectives, and not just from the previously established perspective of tourism as a neo-colonialist activity. Whilst economic inequalities allow developed-country dominance to continue, this does not mean that tourism flows are not altering or that First-World businesses that are involved in other countries are unwelcome or having a negative impact.Tourism, whilst still showing the inequalities within the rest of community, is slowing beginning to move away from neo-colonial practices.Global inequalities will continue, but tourism is seeing some change. As citizens from developed countries become more aware of other cultures their demands for tourism change. Also, as developing countries continue to change and develop and their cultures alter, their own capabilities and needs change. The flow of money and information is no longer one-way, and this means that not only w ill developing countries have a say in their own tourism markets, but they will become the future patrons of other tourist markets in both developed and developing countries. This will all move tourism further away from being a solely neo-colonial practice.In relation to conclusion 3, further research should move away from outcomes-based examinations of the tourist industry when looking at influences on tourism, and instead focus on decision-based analyses. It is in the area of decision-making that influence and inequalities most likely come out. If negative or positive outcomes arise from these decisions is certainly important, but if the decision is not heavily influenced by multinational corporations under the guise of neo-colonialism, then regardless of the outcomes these tourist activities cannot be said to be neo-colonialist. Furthermore, analyses that focus on the roots of decision-making will give a better understanding of how tourist industries develop and change over time in the modern global society.Based upon conclusion 4, further research should move away from the neo-colonial base as the start for analysis. Globalisation and the rise of larger developing countries such as China have created a truly post-colonial landscape where traditional measures of colonialism and neo-colonialism are less useful. Whilst rich-poor and 1st/3rd world inequalities still predominate, flows of tourism, influence and money are changing and adequate more complex. Merely trying to solve the previous neo-colonialist bias of tourism is not enough, because any analysis that starts on this basis will not take into account the status of the modern global society and the inevitable cultural changes in developing countries. It is important to conduct research from many perspectives, rather than the egotistical effort of trying to solve neo-colonialism by starting from a Western-centric perspective that is decidedly neo-colonialist in nature because it does not take into acc ount the actual views and needs of those who supposedly need saving from the dominance of Western society. We should not assume that they need saving, or that indeed if they do that we can be the ones to bring about this salvation.Finally, based on conclusion 5, it is important for further research to conduct more in-depth studies of the global tourist market, and the flows of culture, influence and money that occur. Taking one country at a time is a good start to understand the basics of these flows, but it requires a global study, looking at the ways in which different actors interact with each other, in order to truly understand how the power balance before long sits and where it is likely to move towards in the coming decades.