Politics Essay -- essays research papers

Politics the inescapable stalker of our societyPolitics is a process by which a group of people, whose opinions or interests might be divergent, reach collective decisions that are generally regarded as binding on the group and enforced as common policy.Political theory or political philosophy is as old as the oldest civilisations. The Greek philosophers, such as Aristotle and Plato, developed important political theories and manners of government alongside their more cop philosophies. One whitethorn contest that every society and every belief we hold is a reflection of the political system we live under. Politics, in it peremptory form, is a concept of society that definitely intrudes into every aspect of human life. No one can escape it. The formulate authorities comes from the Greek word polis, meaning the state or community as a whole. The concept of the polis was an rarefied state and came from the writings of great political thinkers such as Plato and Aristotle. In his novel "The Republic", Plato describes the ideal state and the means to achieve it. Hence, the word politics originally has connotations in the ways in which to create the ideal society. An ideal society is in practice a rather difficult aim and even an impossible aim to achieve. Imperfections in society inspired Aristotle and Plato to compose the premiere written political philosophies. In Aristotles The Politics, he states that, Man is by nature a political animal, in another words, it is a aboriginal instinct of man. Therefore, in his statement, Aristotle concludes politics is not a dreamt up concept, but rather an inherent feature of mankind. Argument, in our lives and about the way that we live them is a fundamental part of our sociological make-up. A main factor in modern government is what is dubbed Party Politics. Each party with its manifesto attempts to go on parliamentary superiority over others in each general election. People vote for the party that broadly re presents the individuals values. Although, the average turnout for electionsThe most common method of categorising political theories is by use of a horizontal line from right to left (the far-off and moderate right, the right of centre, the centre and the left of centre, the moderate left, and the far left) gradually.What follows is an attempt to clarify this contentious issue of categorisation. It is not a defin... ...onflict and change.Politics is the means to creating a more organised and peaceful society, by providing methods to resolve bout that naturally occurs in society. From this, politics also endeavours to further society to perfection and to create an absolute harmony between the ruling body and the populace. It thus aims to stand in violence and prevent us from returning to chaos. Authority and order are the underlying features of politics and ensures its enforceability. Power underscores its very existence it is necessary for politics exist. Without authority, pol itics simply is not feasible. The most visible and widely accepted example of politics is the workings of the governmental institutions. However, although at first glance one may not be aware of it, politics in its various forms is present wherever and whenever humans form a community. Returning to the writings and beliefs of Aristotle, politics is an native feature of mankind.ReferencesPolitics, Heywood, Palgrave. 1997The Republic, Plato (Tr Des. Lee), Penguin, 1987On Liberty, J.S.Mills, Penguin, 1985BBC Politics page<http//news.bbc.co.uk/hi/english/uk_politics/talking_politics/default.stm>

computer basics :: essays research papers

Computers can be intimidating. Educating oneself about some of the basics of electronic computers can lessen this intimidation. In addition, a computer user pass on be able to get the results that he or she is hoping for. Input devices, fruit devices, storage, and computer speed atomic number 18 a few areas that will be discussed further.In order to maintain accurate records or create precise results, information scuttle butt should be done with the best possible stimulant drug device. I will give examples of a few situations and explain which input device would work best.Printed Questionnaires- For this situation, I believe the most widely used input device, which is the keyboard, would work best. Questionnaires are made up of primarily letters and numbers that are easily found on a keyboard. Most people are familiar with a keyboard and creating a questionnaire should not be difficult. Telephone Survey- In this situation a touch input device may be a better choice, such as a touch screen. This way, the interviewee does not have to wait for the interviewer to finish typing. The touch screen would work best if there were ninefold choice answers to the telephone survey.Bank Checks- The MICR (magnetic ink character recognition) is used by the banking industry. This device can scan checks quickly and ensures that checks are sent to the proper bank. retail Tags- Most stores now use a bar-code scanner for pricing. The bar code scanner recognizes a series of bars of different lengths and sends that code to the computer. Even secondary retail stores may have a handheld bar code scanner to make pricing and checkout more efficient.Long Documents- Though I have never used this device, a voice input device would make long documents much easier. This requires special software and may require victimisation the keyboard for editing. Because keyboards can cause injury, an individual that has to prepare many long documents may want to consider a voice input device.Ju st as the true and choosing the correct device for input is important, the same applies to output. Choosing the correct device can increase quality and convenience. In the following situations, I will share which output device I feel would work bestHand held Computer- If an individual has a hand held computer it is likely they are looking for mobility. Wireless data transfer would be ideal for this situation.Color Photograph- A photo quality printer should be used for color photographs. Some desktop printers will work, but often times the color will fade over time.

A Prayer for Owen Meany Essay -- English Literature Essays

A Prayer for Owen meanyNot the least of my problems is that I can hardly notwithstanding imagine what kind of an experience a genuine, self-authenticating religious experience would be. Without somehow destroying me in the process, how could God reveal himself in a way that would leave no room for doubt? If there were no room for doubt, there would be no room for me.- Frederick BuechnerIn the novel, A Prayer for Owen Meany, by john Irving, Owen Meanys belief of predestination makes a significant impact on John wheelwrights emotional stability as an adult. John Wheelwright is unhealthily bitter and angry about(predicate) his past experiences because he clings to a past that never lets him choose. This bitterness fuels his repugnance towards the United States and the Reagan administration, because he understands that everything is in fact predestinate just as Owen Meany had believed and he feels helpless because there is nothing he can do to change the course of events in life. T he death and responsibility of Johns mothers death fell into the hands of Owen Meany and John can never accept that it was Owens fate to push down Johns mother. The Vietnam War was completely out of Johns hands to get wind being a young adult and all, and the fact that last the war indirectly took the life of his best friend, for this he feels helplessly responsible and angry. Into adulthood, John becomes bitter towards the United States and its catastrophic news because he knows it is all indentured to happen, and like everything else in his life, he has no control or power to change anything. The death of Johns mother, Tabitha Wheelwright, was out of Johns control and the job is predestined to be executed by Owen. Her death falls into Owens hands because as he believes one night after an vile fever, that he had interrupted the Angel of Death. Because of this, the task was then placed on him so that he would be the one to kill Tabitha Wheelwright. In Owens opinion, he had INT ERUPTED AN ANGEL, he had DISTURBED AN ANGEL AT WORK, he had UPSET THE SCHEME OF THINGS.- The Angel, pg. 102 Owen convinced himself that the reason he was used to kill Johns mom is because he is an instrument of God and that God had taken away Owens hands because he is helplessly under the control of destiny. Tabitha Wheelwright died for a reason, and through God, it was predestined to happen by Ow... ... poem I know you believe in God, but I believe in Crass Casualtyin chance, in luck. Thats what I mean. You see? What good does it do to make whatever decision youre talking about? What good does courage dowhen what happens next is up for grabs?- The Finger, pg. 504Johns confusion in destiny stems from the fact that he believes that anything is possible in life and that it is not one life-sized blueprint of the world. Owen Meany never gave John the chance to decide for himself in what he believed in because Owen disproved Johns belief by confirming to John that life is destiny.Jo hn Wheelwright in A Prayer for Owen Meany by John Irving is a depressed and bitter man who leads a only(a) life in the confinements of his past because he has been so traumatized by catastrophic events in his life that he cannot bring himself to move forward. He is bitter about the future because he accepts that everything in life is predestined and he feels angry because he has no control of what the future brings. As destiny has it, he has no control over the death of his mother, the indirect death of his best friend caused by the Vietnam War, and the current to future issues facing the world.

What Is Psychology? :: essays research papers

In todays fast paced society many people abide a tough time dealing with their problems, this is where the psychologist comes into play. Psychology by commentary is, the science dealing with the mind and the mental and emotional processes. A lot of times, the psychologist provide use the scientific method in finding a diagnosis for the patient. They will determine if they see a pattern, founder a hypothesis and make conclusions to help the end result. I feel that psychology has an excellent claim to being called a science. The human brain is so complex, we need to definitely ruminate it so we in turn can find out more than about our creator. From a Christian perspective, I feel that psychology has its benefits however if the psychologist thinks that he/she is solving all of the problems is totally wrong. divinity put them in a position where they could help others fix their problems if they misuse that power they are basically betraying God. On the other hand, understanding w hy God made our minds the way he did will only give us a better understanding of him. When God created us he gave us intelligence so that we could have a personal relationship with him. As Christians it should be one of our goals to find out more about this branch of science. Thus, I feel overall that psychology has a major potential to help us understand what it really means to be totally committed to Christ.When looking at the other sciences, the hard sciences tend to use more physical proof then patterns discovered. Science by definition is the state of fact or knowledge. To leave science that wide open would be a mistake. That is why we see the many different divisions of science. Though to each one has a different area of study, they all do form one giant puzzle. Scientists in every field use some sort of scientific method to solve their problems. If they didnt relate, we would see many contradictions between all the sciences.

Teenage Drunk Driving :: Free Essay Writer

People need to be aware that what pass alonged to me can happen to you. I had never thought well-nigh impaired driving as an issue in my youth, it wasnt a debate. Now I know. Life really is about choices. This quote was from Tom Boyle who killed Brian Colgan in a inebriate driving accident in 1995. Tom Boyle states that life is about choices. This brings up the issue with Massachusetts deficient to place a scarlet letter (mark of shame) on the licenses of convicted drunk drivers. Placing the scarlet letter on the licenses of convicted drunk drivers is a senseable consequence. Being a senseable consequence it brings up the old saying if you do it once you are bound to do it again, many statistics prove there are a great outlet of drunk drivers, and the scarlet letter will reduce the amount of drunk drivers on the road. When I was a child I dropped a rock on my sisters head not knowing any better, but after being disiplined for doing this I decided to go back and do it again. This i s accountable for most drunk drivers we have today like stated above, if you do it once you will do it again. If someone is an alcoholic they are bound to keep drinking receivable to the fact it is a daily routine and they need medical help. Having the mark on the license will motivate the alcoholic to get help and go past police and pedestrians warning of the individual. Alcohol is the second most addicting substance in the United States followed by marijuana, posted Time Magazine June 2001 Issue. Being the 2nd most addicting substance, it is hard not to drink and drive. Teenage Drunk Driving.com Statistics prove that on any given weekend evening, one in 10 drivers on Americas roads have been drinking. With this many people on the road drinking, it puts not undecomposed his/her life in insecurity, but puts our lives in danger as well. According to the latest drunkdrivers.com statistics, the prospect of you or someone in your family being involved in an alcohol-related motor veh icle accident is more than just very likely, it is a virtual certainty. In fact, in a family of five, the chance that someone in the family will find themselves in an alcohol-related motor vehicle wane in their lifetime, is an astounding 200 percent. Imagine, a 200 percent chance that you or someone in your family will either cause, or be an necessitous victim to, a drunk driving accident.

Teenage Drunk Driving :: Free Essay Writer

People need to be aware that what happened to me can happen to you. I had never thought about impaired ride as an issue in my youth, it wasnt a debate. Now I know. Life really is about choices. This quote was from Tom Boyle who killed Brian Colgan in a inebriate madcap accident in 1995. Tom Boyle states that life is about choices. This brings up the issue with Massachusetts wanting to place a scarlet letter (mark of shame) on the licenses of convicted drunk drivers. Placing the scarlet letter on the licenses of convicted drunk drivers is a senseable consequence. Being a senseable consequence it brings up the old saying if you do it erstwhile you are jump to do it again, many statistics prove there are a great number of drunk drivers, and the scarlet letter will reduce the count of drunk drivers on the road. When I was a child I dropped a rock on my sisters head not knowing any better, but after(prenominal) being disiplined for doing this I decided to go back and do it again. Th is is accountable for most drunk drivers we have today like stated above, if you do it once you will do it again. If person is an alcoholic they are bound to keep drinking due to the fact it is a daily routine and they need aesculapian help. Having the mark on the license will motivate the alcoholic to get help and give police and pedestrians warning of the individual. Alcohol is the 2nd most addicting marrow squash in the United States followed by marijuana, posted Time Magazine June 2001 Issue. Being the 2nd most addicting substance, it is hard not to drink and drive. Teenage sot Driving.com Statistics prove that on any given weekend evening, one in 10 drivers on Americas roads have been drinking. With this many community on the road drinking, it puts not just his/her life in danger, but puts our lives in danger as well. According to the latest drunkdrivers.com statistics, the prospect of you or someone in your family being involved in an alcohol-related motor vehicle acciden t is more than just very likely, it is a virtual certainty. In fact, in a family of five, the chance that someone in the family will find themselves in an alcohol-related motor vehicle crash in their lifetime, is an astounding 200 percent. Imagine, a 200 percent chance that you or someone in your family will either cause, or be an innocent victim to, a drunk driving accident.

Notes

The freshmen Imports arrived at Yale on Sunday. It says as oermuch on the blue tee shirts that shadow be seen in any(prenominal) over campus, worn by the Incoming International class of 2018. The international students have arrived a week earlier than their Ameri john peers, as a part of OSI (Orientation for International Students), a Yale class designed to make the transition into American culture as easy as possible. The program is certainly a necessity, as last year, non-American scholars make up 18% of Yales student body, according to a 2014 census by Yales Office of Institutional Research.Now, few of those students atomic number 18 helping the impudently-made ones settle Into the campus and learn evenhandedly the surroundings. Advances Tendon, a rising sopho much, is an OSI councilor this year. The councilors take students on tours, talk to them ab unwrap their academic choices, and even set up scavenger hunts for them all over campus. In the evenings we do icebreake rs, says Tendon, To help build a sense of an international comm mavin here. He says hes glad he can help, as he knows how some(prenominal) of the new students feel. l was very nervous when I first came, as Im sure they argon too. at that places his Idea that American students have a head start, and I think OSI by all odds helps international students to catch up, and settle into and adopt the culture. Tendon is right in saying that many students are nervous when they first arrive. Yonder Sharpe, from Katmandu, says she feels a phone number overwhelmed by everything. For me, and a lot of new(prenominal) citizenry I think, the American musical mode of life is very different than we are used to. Yonder Isnt solely In her culture shock. For Andre Melt, an Incoming freshman, the food and weather will be hard to get used to. The weather Is more dry here.Its humid in Brazil, and Im really concerned ab expose the winter here lye hear its very hard. A student from Singapore, who w ished to remain anonymous, is nervous for slightly different reasons. Im non well-kn have(prenominal) with the slang here? I didnt know what hell dope and Rachel meant forwards I got to Yale. However, the transition Isnt all that nerve-racking. The students have also been having a lot of fun. Luck Eros, from Budapest, Is stunned by all the people shes been meeting. l think its crazy how we come from so many different places around the world, and weve all ended up here at Yale together.I am really excited for the year, and to meet more people. Edwin Prince, from Sacra, feels the same flair. l have learned so much, non upright from my councilors, simply from the new(prenominal) students, who come from all over the world. I unavoidableness to do a lot of extra curricular activities, to try new things, and meet new, Interesting people. So far, the students have been acquiring to know the town, and the serve ups and facilities that Yale provides. Roy Random, from Zombie, an d Laurence Bushfires, from London, were on their way to the Yale Health Center. l Just opened a POP Box, and a bank account, express Roy.Weve also taken a tour of Yale, and it realises very interesting. I am expecting to have a lot of fun here. According to Yuppie Guy, a takes some getting used to. At first, I was non used to the whole social scene at Yale, because Im from a fairly conservative area in China, assure Yuppie about her freshmen experience. Now I have found my balance between the extremes of social life and my aim work. Guy advised the incoming freshman to, Be proud of who you are, moreover be accepting of other cultures. Stick to your principles but be flexible. All of the incoming students are going to have a pricky year ahead. NotesDual processionals is the ability of users to create their own individualized accounts but can also look at other users profile as well. In other words, Mejia is saying that social networks can be used in the users favor as well as the users friends favor. For example, people create their own personal Backbone account to show others their lifestyle while at the same time keeping touch with their friends and family by viewing other peoples profiles and commenting on it. some other example is Mainstream here people can digest pictures of their everyday lives.At the same time, their newsfeed would be filled with other peoples everyday lives. This explains how social media work in some(prenominal) ways (or dual ways) by letting the user be aware of other peoples life as well as other people world aware of the users life. 2. In our society, everyone raises charity or causes through social media. It is the biggest platform of advertising since everyone can find it and sees it as long as it shows on his or her newsfeed (and most of the time, its free It is very effective and quick in the way that it spreads the word very fast. For example, charity can use celebrities that support their cause to post about th em in their social media accounts. Most celebrities have millions of followers and subscribers, which mean if they post something, it can reach out to millions immediately. Liking something on Backbone would definitely help spread the word out faster, however donating property to an organization is more helpful than spreading the word.For example, spreading he word does not inevitably mean that everyone who sees it would donate money to the organization. Hence saying, liking the charity on fend forbone and donating money to the charity is not the same thing. Lastly, raising sentiency can be considered the same as contribution since people are contributing to the cause by telling more people about it. 3. Social inclusion body and exclusion is significant because even though people can post anything they want, in that respect are alleviate people online that protects the users from being harmed.For example, personal information would not be released to the usual unless that person chooses to. Furthermore, sometimes when someone post inappropriate stuff online, the administrator will delete it in order to protect the creation from seeing the harmful post. Some consequences will include the delete of the post as well as arrest if it is illegal. For example, if someone post a icon of themselves doing illegal drugs, it is most likely that the police will track them down and arrest them for the inappropriate video as well as raising awareness for the drug.NotesThis past summer I went paintball a couple of times with my friends and later on that I did almost nothing Just work I work at pizza hut. I also went fishing to ports Mansfield we caught about two, three fishes we were there then we went back home stopped by McDonalds got some hamburgers went home got some sleep. I did almost nothing this summer because I mostly slept.If any I went to go out to go eat, watched one movie at the movies, pervade of the rise of the planet of the apes. There is nothing I did subsequently that Just work, work, and work. This summer I tried to go to the beach rent a condominium there stay a couple of night but my truck broke down so this summer I Just worked to pay that. There really isnt any other thing I did Just stay at home this next summer I want to plan to not stay In the valley I want to go up north anywhere is better than here In my opinion.NotesSome difference though is that France really has more 40-49 year olds, while Kenya has plenty of younger children, and Poland has more 30 year olds. 2. In this lesson, you studied countries with various types of race growth. Based on the information in the lesson and what you learned from the assessment, what conclusions can you draw about the characteristics of rapidly growing countries, countries with moderate growth, and shrinking countries?They are all around the same its Just with different environments makes deferent things happen so thats really how all of them are different. 3. Based on t he data in your pyramid, what might you expect the pyramid to look Like In five years? In 10 years? In 50 years? I think based on the genuine universe of discourse pyramid and the ages If this Is a continuous pattern then It should be the name in five years, in 10 years, and even in 50 years, as long as the numbers are country future. What problems might each country face if its population trends continue?For France I believe if there was a war to go on they might not be able to survive it since they have many 40-49 year old and they would only be able to help for so long before they give up. 5. What are the implications of each type of pyramid structure? Poland population pyramid would be assort as a Constrictive population pyramid since it displays lower numbers or percentages of younger people. Their population growth is negative. Kenya population pyramid would be sort out as a Concave population because it is indicating a high death rate.France would be classified as station ary or near-stationary population pyramids display somewhat equal numbers or percentages for almost all age groups. Their population growth is neutral or stable. 6. Think about the demographics of your town or state. What strain do you think a population pyramid of your town or state would have and why? I think Florida population pyramid would be classified as stationary or near- stationary population pyramids display somewhat equal numbers or percentages for almost all age groups.Notes focusing structure very Important to know a) Tactical MGM. guide operational MGM. B) Operational MGM. (aka affectionateness MGM. ) gets information from non-MGM. C) I. E. In a bank I) Non-MGM. = tellers and customer service reps. II) Operation MGM. Nilsson statement, business objectives, business government, business compliance, business. Function, business rules, & business process. 2) 80/20 RULE people who bring 80% of business needs more attention than the customers that bring 20% of your bu siness. Leader Manager administer operationsGuidance Communication Problem solvers Business success rate Reporting to DRY Patience Oversee operations Patience Check ups/Check lists Time constraints Business functions Business compliance More customer facing Understanding strengths/Weakness of employees Assigns task hebdomadal/Monthly Forecasts Business improvement Organization/Financial Hiring/Firing SOOT Strength weakness opportunities and threats How to do a SOOT analysis Stake asseverateers presents need vanquish perspectives. Formal meeting impartial facilitator present Capture data Strength vs. weaknesses internalOpportunities vs. threats external Book reading notes The dominant view in management possibility and society in general is that managers are directly responsible for an organizations success or failure. We call this perspective the omnipotent view of management. In contrast, others have argued that much of an organizations success or failure is due to external forces alfresco managers control. This perspective is called the symbolic view of management. Class notes -BCC Business continuity planning Planning for detailed crisis I. E. 9/1 1, earthquakes, etc.Case study Gold Bank consumer bank have checking and savings accounts 35 branches in CA Ranked on monthly mental process Top 4 branches went through 1 year management training I was hired by gold bank with a 12-month training engage as branch manager in top 4th bank Bank lost manager 6 months ago was fired for money maneuver Compose an email with an introduction of myself formally to employees.NotesIs a unique activity that adds value, expends resources, has beginning and end dates, and ass constraints and requirements that include scope, cost, schedule manageance, resources, and value. Project has goals and objectives. Project is a set of activities to solve a problem or take advantage of an opport wholeness The resulting groups of activities are called phases of a pr oject Activities In construction, computer networks, telecommunications, software placement, and new product development are considered projects. Stockholders Include o Payer Individuals & businesses as well as gobo organizations o Providers hospitals, Integrated delivery networks and Individual clans purchasers groups who aggregate health care products and services for dilutions Fiscal Intermediaries insurers, Homos, and pharmacy benefit managers Project managers task is to coordinate deployment of a product or new releases, coordinate testing of such new products and releases, and coordinate pilots with potential product users. Construction projects are often time consuming.They require several phases and may involve o Financial organizations o regime agencies Engineers Architects Insurance companies Attorneys Contractors Material Suppliers Builders An organization that performs an innovative task is different from an organization that performs routine tasks. 3 dimensions th at encompass all aspects of technology o Complexity- refers to the number of products or operations that are performed at the same time and resulting degree of difficulty o Interdependence refers to the extent to which the items or elements upon which work is performed or the work processes themselves are interrelated. Uncertainty refers to the variability In the process of transformation of inputs to outputs or In the Inputs themselves. Technology may be viewed as being composed of three modes o Mechanical Technical Human Each of the 3 modes possesses 3 dimensions Integration Regulation Sophistication Each of the 3 dimensions can be mapped Sophistication to complexity o Regulation to uncertaintyNotesThe southern colonies in the seventeenth century -Rapid population growth 1580-1650-3. 5 -5 million Growth strains farming economy termination drives up process Landless low beginning wandering the roads Ruling classes sees this as a a threat Social problems Poor population become s mobile. Influx to Bristol , Liverpool, London Crowded unsanitary conditions In England Many die Many migrate to Ireland , Holland Big point people migrate to America for many reasons. Religious freedom escape from c/o/e desire for land Escape -Jail marriage, debt English In the Chesapeake Original Goal -Trading postsFirst attempts= Mobile/ merchants ventures distinct from Spanish / French Joint stock companies No personal allowably More autonomy Huge Failure Jamestown solution Merchant nonionised settlement 1607-104 sent crops , beneficials, and gold Land in swampy areas- not good No fresh pee Did not plant crops Quickly die -38/104 left later on 9 months Constant struggle to survive Cannibalism, desperation, horrible existence Death tolls stay high Disease and malnutrition land incentives to get continued migration Remains a struggling colony Indian War of 1622 Increased migration leads to problems w/natives Algonquin natives not happyLand hungry English and conversion attem pts Packinghouse attacks Kills 347 English, 1/3 of population English 10 years of warfare Massacres Sold pops into captivity James 1=1 alarmed, revokes VA. Co. Charter Jamestown now a royal colony tobacco conserves Virginia John Role Milder tobacco Tobacco?east to grow Sets of English tobacco book Tobacco , not trade saves VA Originally small farms afterward 1650- Wealthy create large estates Potential Problem? Indentured servants Tobacco boom sets off wave of migration Landowners need workers Solution= indentured servants 80% of migrants in 16th centuryAlmost all poor whites Migration= 2 steps progress Indenture agents set up contracts Contracts purchased by land owners in North America 3/4=0. 75 men 15-25, no skills Leading to gender imbalance in Chess. Conditions for servants Many sold multiple times Greatly exploited brutal conditions Time added for small infractions Beating/ long hours Men needed permission to marry Women cannot marry until end of contract Children= 2 years added Moss never break loose contract 1/2 die before end of contract only 1/4 get property Lord Baltimore and Catholics in free state Charles 1 Maryland Refuge of Catholics ProblemToleration Acts of 1649- religious freedom to everyone Long term significance Chesapeake Society Young single men Poor or middle class farmers 6 to 1 men to women Fatal Disease and bad water Life expectancy 43 25% infant mortality P reach adulthood Lots of death, short marriages , remarriages orphaned child. Main goal= tobacco Wealth disparity Servants/poor farmers Planters dominate all of society GoGoboinances public offices Underfed, ununderclothes1115 harsh punishment, personal restrictions Rich get richer Slaves Gap widens BaBaconRebellion Background Situation in Virginia Landowner success Lucrative middlemenGOGOBBerkeley 1642-1652, 1660 Corrupt Nepotism Wealth?power SuSusquehannaegotiated settlements sincere foe wealthy Poor farmers Feel exploited Land hungry Attack Rough militia?unauthorized farme rs Massacre SuSusquehannaetaliation GoGobBerkeley- wants peace Nathaniel Bacon- decides to fight for poor farmers. Bacon rebellion BaBaconrmy-lash out, attacking native settlements BeBarleysesponse-arrests Bacon BaBaconrmy attack the VA capital and force his release BaBaconrmy also force legislative elections Political reforms Less governor power vote Rights to landless free men Not a complete fixBacon fights on Army of 400 burns Jamestown Bacon dies, movement ends rattling important moving before Colonial gogobosake up Power sharing, need to avoid corruption Stop using indentured servants Slavery Slave Trade 1 . Slavery in Chesapeake vsvs.slSlaveryn I inIndiesaribbean i.IWealth determined by large farms iI Brazil, W. inIndiesii. Small slave pop in Chesapeake (pre-1700) 1) Slowly grows 2) Indentured-more expensive 3) Natives makes bad slaves 4) 1720 20%, 1740 5) Slavery defined in racial terms 2. Slavery Labor system i.IBaBaconebellion-English use African slave trade it. Cannot u se native Americans ii.Spanish and port using African Americans lvlbChesapeake shifts after BaBaconebellion 3. Africans and the slave trade i.IDeDevastatedfrica 1) 1550-1870 11 million 2) Changed demographics 3) Financial shifts 4) Religion 5) Not new 6) Sex imbalance 7) Shifting meaning of marriage and family 4. The middle modulation i.I3 steps of the slave trade it. Journey to the coast iii. Ships 1) Overcrowded 2) Disease 3) Food 4) Confinement 5) Death 5. Slavery in the western hemisphere inIndiest. Harsh labor tropical climate iii. v. Economics-easier to kill slaves and buy now ones. v.VNo Interests in Slave Families/ egg-producing(prenominal) slaves v.Food Supply problems 6. Slavery in the Chesapeake i.IBaBaconebellion it. Tobacco Revolution iii. coCoreart of society v. Racial description of slavery v. Better in Chesapeake than w. lnLenses) Longer lives 2) Lighter Labor 3) Climate 4) Disease 5) Smaller profits a) Slaves stay alive b) Female slaves 6) Much worsened in s. Ca rolina a) Rice Swamps i)IDangerous and exhausting iI Mosquitoes iii) Irrigation 7. African Communities i.ICultural Mixing it. Owners like diversity iii. Tribal identity v. Community 1) Friendship 2) Intertribal marriage a) Common Languages b) English, Gullah etc, . relationship Networks ) Pass on names traditions knowledge 2) Key of any culture 3) Distinct culture 4) Some old practices disappear 5) Hairstyles , artwork, pottery 6) Values tack on 7) Muslims beliefs 8) Spiritualism 8. Resistance and accommodations i.ILimits lilieHarsh penalties v. Some Flee 1) Wild areas 2) Natives 3) Freemen v. Improved conditions v. Rebellions vievilStStoneebellions= 1) Spanish gogob) Aid empire 3) English rivalry 4) War 5) Rebellion 6) Long barrier Impact 9. Economic Regulation i.ITobacco makes the colonies profitable it. English GoGoboants control iii.Mercantile 1) Euro powers in fierce competitions ) Control of resources 3) Eliminate trade of rivals 4) Protect trade from France Holland 5) Incr ease trade, pass competition v. seafaring act 1) solely American/ English ships 2) rule 3) Raw materials must go to England a) Tobacco, sugar, cotton , indigo, rice molasses b) Forced trade monopoly c) Eliminates exported to France , Holland d) Forces England Goods v. Navigation acts- not popular v. Taxes cut profits vii. No competitions viii. Small planters hunt x. Smuggling x. Parliament crack down x. Pattern 10. Spanish south west i.INorthern Spanish colonies struggling it. Small, not popular , hard to farm iii. Spanish recruit missionaries 1) Conversion= part of the Spanish mission in 2) Way to inexpensively maintain land claims 3) Thousands baptized, but also leads to revolt i.IMissionaries forces natives to live in Civilized manner 1) Shoes, euEurolothing , speaking English , a?Catholicism it. Natives forced to edifice churches iii. Force to pay tribute v. Converted through coercive methods v. Natives unhappy with forced adoption of euEuroulture v. Natives repeatedly revol t vii. Fail due to lack of unity among natives viii.Pope-organized coalition of tribes x. Idea= expel Spanish , destroy all pieces of Catholicism 1) Destroy churches icons, crucifixes, missions 2) Destroy Spanish settlement kill 2/3 of missionaries x. Spanish driven out of NM x. Spanish eventually return 1) Lessen missionary work and exploitative 2) Labor xii. Link to BaBaconebellion Chapter 4- the northern colonies in seventeenth century 1. Rise in protestant enEnglish. Martin creates 95 thesis i.IJohn caCalvinnd CaCalvinist. King heHenryIII- i.ICreates the church of England c. Queen elElizabeth.IMixture of protestant and catholic d. PiPiecesff the pupuritans.IPuPurifyhis church with cocontrolling PuPuritansettle in new enEngland. PuPuritansain out come was to have religious freedom b.BBrought all of there family , permanent settlement to create a colony c. Plymouth Colony i.I1s1stttempt to colonization it. Sail over on may flower lands in modern day Massachusetts iii. 1s1stear ver y difficult v. Environment was better to survive in no ailment v. imImmediatelyegan farming crops and builds settlements vii. Puritans had better political stability Self governed viii. Farmers and every one had rights d. John Winthrop and the mass. Bay colony i.IGets really big fast 1000 people comes every year. Bigger than Plymouth it. Representative political system helping to back pup there needs to survive iii. GoGobolanned out land distributions for everyone very organized and had own land to farm. Everyone votes. Power was shared in this colony more than others e. Roger wiWilliamsnd Rhode Island i.IDissident people that disagree with certain things with the church/ meant church rule and state police force were different things it. Separation at church at state to control religious toleration. So that churches couldnt control everything. f.FAnne Hutchinson i.IDissident it.NotesKids deal with No I do not think this practice should continue. This is something that is not safe for kids so young, kids around this age should be in instill learning new things reservation new friends having teeny study groups having sleep oversee they should not be thinking about making money if so not by working in a field that will make you sick to your stomach.No child should feel as if thats the way a real Job will be because its not the way that it will feel like. Its bad enough young kids are already out here doing rugs not going to school to make it better they want to work a child until she passes out or not able to be the same as they were before they started working l got heat debilitation?vomiting, feel like my stomach was trying to come out of my body. She said. They would bring me water and saltine crackers to settle my stomach until I got better and then back to work. (Kids deal with)elf I was feeling this way I would tell the person Im working for have a good life but I may no longer work for you anymore. Your business is making me sick to my stomach and all you want me to do is work, ark, work and I get nothing from it but sickness and no sympathy from anyone.Kids shouldnt even be worried about money they dont have bills to pay things to do their main focus should be school and homework. But that was Just the beginning. The adults she worked with were mean to her, she says, and when she was 14 she was sexually harassed. (Kids deal with) you shouldnt feel ill at ease(predicate) where you are at you shouldnt let anyone touch you and let them get aside with that. That should be another reason why I think this practice should not continue because It Is not safe for a child.NotesLecture notes Singapore symbol Is Lion Ancestor Is Important Death starts In hell purge Buddhism liberate from suffering Buddhism appeals to Chinese from several reasons Buddhism tolerance from other religions and ways of thought. No history of persecution No wars No establishing a sacred kingdom Tolerance current Confucianism and Taoism. Although Buddh ism Is the way of truth. , Confucianism and Taoism taught moral value. Buddhist salvation lies beyond the mortal world. Does not depend on religious purity-Can accept other religion. Buddhism establishes charities to alleviate suffering.Buddhism inclusiveness. Equality and unity between all classes (social) Eliminate the caste system in India extraneous aliens in the Northern China accepted Buddhism because it was outside of Chinese thought ( defend and Dad) Alien barbarian rulers found equality from Buddhist beliefs, Buddhist claims of supernatural ability, -Folk religion- Magical ability of Buddhist powers appeals to the irrational. Represented the superstitious aspect of Buddhism Buddhism had sutras- extensive literary productions good art Chinese people like this Elaborate rituals umpire of Good and Evil. Karma Justice is liked by the BuddhistEnd Confucianism still prevailed as the family ethic and state rationale. Confucianism as a moral code, family code, never faded. Re ligious sphere did not contend with Its rivals. Confucianism was the tie that bound all Chinese together. Whether through religion or Dillon. Parkland is the most practiced Buddhism True law or teaching 1000 years era of reflected law ( fudge Doctrine) Final Degeneration of the truth Final thought of austerity Goodness Final degeneration had began Only religious belief in the saving power of Buddha can assure salvation redemption is rebirth into the Pure Land.Rich fertile comfortable land Lotus and sweet-scented flowers Filled with Gods and Human Kind. Devoid of denizens of hell Ghosts animals No Women in the pure land. muliebrity are thought to be impure Men are a higher form of being Teaching of clemency patience and tolerance is heard Anita God of parkland State of total nirvana Wanted to save other people to be enlightened Darkroom made 48 profane swearings. 18th vow was promised release from suffering for all who at the moment of death desired enlightenment and who im plore to him think favorably of him and pray to him .If he does not perform this salvation, may he not achieve perfect enlightenment be of the Buddha or the bodhisattva is transferable to all beings by faith in that Buddha. Gauguin portrayed the female most common bodhisattva as mercy. Human Founded parkland society in China- First patriarch Tanana 476-542 (530) Chant Matthias name (created it) paterfamilias Douche( 563-645) Answered important questions about parkland. Does amass evil before death and you have 10 thoughts of Buddha does it cancel all evil. (a room may be dark for a thousand years but once light shines in it is as if darkness has never existed. What phase of concentration is required A lot entireness and undivided concentration. 10 concentrated thoughts of Buddha is impossible without a memorable life If you are evil it is not something that is possible because you will have fear after death, Primary of activity before parkland say Buddha name (secondary Readi ng the Buddha scripture Worshipping Praising parable of the white path. Someone is being pursued by a group of ruffians. He has to jump a river. The North river is pure fire. South is water Very narrow path of fire and water no more than three inches wide.IF he steps onto the path he fears of falling. However he must cross to get away. And he crosses. Parable of salvation through faith and beliefs. Cumin ( interpenetrate Buddhism to the masses. Criticized meditation school Does not have evil or good in meditation meditation says the world is unavailing no evil or good to be performed. Danna. Chinese Chain Japanese Zen Differences in methods of houses of Chain Ling Jell Purpose of meditation school see ones reputation and become Buddha. Intuitive method of spiritual training of realizing the realty of knowledgeable most recesses of ones souls. All beings have Buddha nature inwardly us.We must discover our own Buddha nature. Meditation Meditation in the Lotus positions. examp le of the Conga Use of anecdotes. Use of anecdotes counterintuitive to spontaneous apprehension. Riddles and conundrums. O the students are supposed to regard these as learn for themselves using intuition. Experience of sudden enlightenment Meditation school Mind to top dog transmission First transmission occurs from shamanic Sukiyaki smiles in understanding what bull First enlightenment Ultimate existence from meditation Buddhism the ultimate reality is absolute truth. The mind of the Buddha. Present in all sentient beings.Always there ever so will be there . Most of us will not realize the absolute truth. Buddha is the universal harangue blah blah The obstacles of achieving ones nature is ignorance and the betise O calm and tranquil and no self. Achieve this by intuition study of nature not through aware effort Page 512. Hilt of sword. He does not have a self. Can not lay hold of himself because he doesnt have a self.? Self federal agency means reliance on scripture. No dependence on ritual performances prayers. Relying on oneself to discover there is no self. Before you 6th patriarch Kappa mind to mind transmissionNotesLecture notes Singapore symbol Is Lion Ancestor Is Important Death starts In hell purge Buddhism Release from suffering Buddhism appeals to Chinese from several reasons Buddhism tolerance from other religions and ways of thought. No history of persecution No wars No establishing a holy kingdom Tolerance Accepted Confucianism and Taoism. Although Buddhism Is the way of truth. , Confucianism and Taoism taught moral value. Buddhist salvation lies beyond the mortal world. Does not depend on religious purity-Can accept other religion. Buddhism establishes charities to alleviate suffering.Buddhism inclusiveness. Equality and unity between all classes (social) Eliminate the caste system in India Foreign aliens in the Northern China accepted Buddhism because it was outside of Chinese thought ( Confirm and Dad) Alien barbarian rulers found equality from Buddhist beliefs, Buddhist claims of magical ability, -Folk religion- Magical ability of Buddhist powers appeals to the superstitious. Represented the superstitious aspect of Buddhism Buddhism had sutras- extensive literature good art Chinese people like this Elaborate rituals Justice of Good and Evil. Karma Justice is liked by the BuddhistEnd Confucianism still prevailed as the family ethic and state rationale. Confucianism as a moral code, family code, never faded. Religious sphere did not contend with Its rivals. Confucianism was the tie that bound all Chinese together. Whether through religion or Dillon. Parkland is the most practiced Buddhism True law or Doctrine 1000 years era of reflected law ( counterfeit Doctrine) Final Degeneration of the Law Final thought of austerity Goodness Final degeneration had began Only faith in the saving power of Buddha can assure salvation Salvation is rebirth into the Pure Land.Rich fertile comfortable land Lotus and fragrant fl owers Filled with Gods and Human Kind. Devoid of denizens of hell Ghosts animals No Women in the pure land. Woman are thought to be impure Men are a higher form of being Teaching of compassion patience and tolerance is heard Anita God of parkland State of total nirvana Wanted to save other people to be enlightened Darkroom made 48 vows. 18th vow was promised release from suffering for all who at the moment of death desired enlightenment and who pray to him think favorably of him and pray to him .If he does not perform this salvation, may he not achieve perfect enlightenment Merit of the Buddha or the bodhisattva is transferable to all beings by faith in that Buddha. Gauguin portrayed the female most common bodhisattva as mercy. Human Founded parkland society in China- First patriarch Tanana 476-542 (530) Chant Matthias name (created it) Patriarch Douche( 563-645) Answered important questions about parkland. Does accumulated evil before death and you have 10 thoughts of Buddha does it cancel all evil. (a room may be dark for a thousand years but once light shines in it is as if darkness has never existed. What kind of concentration is required A lot Total and undivided concentration. 10 concentrated thoughts of Buddha is impossible without a memorable life If you are evil it is not something that is possible because you will have fear after death, Primary of activity before parkland say Buddha name (secondary Reading the Buddha scripture Worshipping Praising Parable of the white path. Someone is being pursued by a group of ruffians. He has to cross a river. The North river is pure fire. South is water Very narrow path of fire and water no more than three inches wide.IF he steps onto the path he fears of falling. However he must cross to get away. And he crosses. Parable of salvation through faith and beliefs. Cumin ( Spread Buddhism to the masses. Criticized meditation school Does not have evil or good in meditation meditation says the world is unreal no evil or good to be performed. Danna. Chinese Chain Japanese Zen Differences in methods of houses of Chain Ling Jell Purpose of meditation school see ones nature and become Buddha. Intuitive method of spiritual training of realizing the realty of inner most recesses of ones souls. All beings have Buddha nature within us.We must discover our own Buddha nature. Meditation Meditation in the Lotus positions. Use of the Conga Use of anecdotes. Use of anecdotes counterintuitive to spontaneous intuition. Riddles and conundrums. O the students are supposed to regard these as learn for themselves using intuition. Experience of sudden enlightenment Meditation school Mind to mind transmission First transmission occurs from shamanic Sukiyaki smiles in understanding what bull First enlightenment Ultimate reality from meditation Buddhism the ultimate reality is absolute truth. The mind of the Buddha. Present in all sentient beings.Always there always will be there . Most of us will not realize the ab solute truth. Buddha is the universal blah blah blah The obstacles of achieving ones nature is ignorance and the folly O calm and tranquil and no self. Achieve this by intuition study of nature not through conscious effort Page 512. Hilt of sword. He does not have a self. Can not lay hold of himself because he doesnt have a self.? Self confidence means reliance on scripture. No dependence on ritual performances prayers. Relying on oneself to discover there is no self. Before you 6th patriarch Kappa mind to mind transmissionNotesKids deal with No I do not think this practice should continue. This is something that is not safe for kids so young, kids around this age should be in school learning new things making new friends having little study groups having sleep oversee they should not be thinking about making money if so not by working in a field that will make you sick to your stomach.No child should feel as if thats the way a real Job will be because its not the way that it will f eel like. Its bad enough young kids are already out here doing rugs not going to school to make it better they want to work a child until she passes out or not able to be the same as they were before they started working l got heat exhaustion?vomiting, feel like my stomach was trying to come out of my body. She said. They would bring me water and saltine crackers to settle my stomach until I got better and then back to work. (Kids deal with)elf I was feeling this way I would tell the person Im working for have a good life but I may no longer work for you anymore. Your business is making me sick to my stomach and all you want me to do is work, ark, work and I get nothing from it but sickness and no sympathy from anyone.Kids shouldnt even be worried about money they dont have bills to pay things to do their main focus should be school and homework. But that was Just the beginning. The adults she worked with were mean to her, she says, and when she was 14 she was sexually harassed. (Kids deal with) you shouldnt feel uncomfortable where you are at you shouldnt let anyone touch you and let them get away with that. That should be another reason why I think this practice should not continue because It Is not safe for a child.NotesLecture notes Singapore symbol Is Lion Ancestor Is Important Death starts In hell purge Buddhism Release from suffering Buddhism appeals to Chinese from several reasons Buddhism tolerance from other religions and ways of thought. No history of persecution No wars No establishing a holy kingdom Tolerance Accepted Confucianism and Taoism. Although Buddhism Is the way of truth. , Confucianism and Taoism taught moral value. Buddhist salvation lies beyond the mortal world. Does not depend on religious purity-Can accept other religion. Buddhism establishes charities to alleviate suffering.Buddhism inclusiveness. Equality and unity between all classes (social) Eliminate the caste system in India Foreign aliens in the Northern China accepted Bu ddhism because it was outside of Chinese thought ( Confirm and Dad) Alien barbarian rulers found equality from Buddhist beliefs, Buddhist claims of magical ability, -Folk religion- Magical ability of Buddhist powers appeals to the superstitious. Represented the superstitious aspect of Buddhism Buddhism had sutras- extensive literature good art Chinese people like this Elaborate rituals Justice of Good and Evil. Karma Justice is liked by the BuddhistEnd Confucianism still prevailed as the family ethic and state rationale. Confucianism as a moral code, family code, never faded. Religious sphere did not contend with Its rivals. Confucianism was the tie that bound all Chinese together. Whether through religion or Dillon. Parkland is the most practiced Buddhism True law or Doctrine 1000 years era of reflected law ( counterfeit Doctrine) Final Degeneration of the Law Final thought of austerity Goodness Final degeneration had began Only faith in the saving power of Buddha can assure salva tion Salvation is rebirth into the Pure Land.Rich fertile comfortable land Lotus and fragrant flowers Filled with Gods and Human Kind. Devoid of denizens of hell Ghosts animals No Women in the pure land. Woman are thought to be impure Men are a higher form of being Teaching of compassion patience and tolerance is heard Anita God of parkland State of total nirvana Wanted to save other people to be enlightened Darkroom made 48 vows. 18th vow was promised release from suffering for all who at the moment of death desired enlightenment and who pray to him think favorably of him and pray to him .If he does not perform this salvation, may he not achieve perfect enlightenment Merit of the Buddha or the bodhisattva is transferable to all beings by faith in that Buddha. Gauguin portrayed the female most common bodhisattva as mercy. Human Founded parkland society in China- First patriarch Tanana 476-542 (530) Chant Matthias name (created it) Patriarch Douche( 563-645) Answered important ques tions about parkland. Does accumulated evil before death and you have 10 thoughts of Buddha does it cancel all evil. (a room may be dark for a thousand years but once light shines in it is as if darkness has never existed. What kind of concentration is required A lot Total and undivided concentration. 10 concentrated thoughts of Buddha is impossible without a memorable life If you are evil it is not something that is possible because you will have fear after death, Primary of activity before parkland say Buddha name (secondary Reading the Buddha scripture Worshipping Praising Parable of the white path. Someone is being pursued by a group of ruffians. He has to cross a river. The North river is pure fire. South is water Very narrow path of fire and water no more than three inches wide.IF he steps onto the path he fears of falling. However he must cross to get away. And he crosses. Parable of salvation through faith and beliefs. Cumin ( Spread Buddhism to the masses. Criticized medita tion school Does not have evil or good in meditation meditation says the world is unreal no evil or good to be performed. Danna. Chinese Chain Japanese Zen Differences in methods of houses of Chain Ling Jell Purpose of meditation school see ones nature and become Buddha. Intuitive method of spiritual training of realizing the realty of inner most recesses of ones souls. All beings have Buddha nature within us.We must discover our own Buddha nature. Meditation Meditation in the Lotus positions. Use of the Conga Use of anecdotes. Use of anecdotes counterintuitive to spontaneous intuition. Riddles and conundrums. O the students are supposed to regard these as learn for themselves using intuition. Experience of sudden enlightenment Meditation school Mind to mind transmission First transmission occurs from shamanic Sukiyaki smiles in understanding what bull First enlightenment Ultimate reality from meditation Buddhism the ultimate reality is absolute truth. The mind of the Buddha. Prese nt in all sentient beings.Always there always will be there . Most of us will not realize the absolute truth. Buddha is the universal blah blah blah The obstacles of achieving ones nature is ignorance and the folly O calm and tranquil and no self. Achieve this by intuition study of nature not through conscious effort Page 512. Hilt of sword. He does not have a self. Can not lay hold of himself because he doesnt have a self.? Self confidence means reliance on scripture. No dependence on ritual performances prayers. Relying on oneself to discover there is no self. Before you 6th patriarch Kappa mind to mind transmission

Frank Lloyd Wright

She has written several other books on American architecture Including On Architecture hive away Reflections on a Century of Change and The unreal America Architecture and Illusion. Her biography on Frank Lloyd Wright is both informative and entertaining she not and reveals the long and harrowing Journey and the victories and defeats of the rebellious and egotistical architect, only also gives a clear view at the fourth dimensions in which he was most active and the ways in which the country and the world were reacting to his architecture while adapting with everything from changing architectural tastes and styles to economic depressions and the WorldWars. Beginning with his birth and childhood in Wisconsin each(prenominal) the way to his latter days of work and death in Arizona, tweak detail the journey and evolution of his legacy and the tr eondies that failed to hinder his art in uniform chronological fashion. confidence game begins the first chapters of the biography with the birth of Frank Lloyd Wright and his beginnings as a child in Wisconsin. Hustle also Introduces the fact that Wright manipulated some details of his personal information throughout animation to suit his ego and create his own elegantly presented persona, beginning with his birthday.Born truly in 1867, Wright later changed his birth meshing to 1869 which made a case for a precocious talent with an impressively youthful, early success in Chicago in the 1 sass, and more significantly to Wright it kept him shy of the dreaded 90-mark during his brilliant late work in the asses (Hustle 1). In these acts of self- benefit, Hustle revealed the aesthetically egotistical side of Wright that I most for sure never realized was an active force in his life. From his birth, Wright was pampered and directed by his mother, Anna, who believed him to be destined for salientness. On conception, she decided that Frank would be a great architect one day and she was going to do everything in her po wer to help and guide him in that path, not only for his own benefit tho for hers as well. She thought particular crib all to influence the freshly born Wright towards a path of architectural nirvana. He would deliver her from the despair and gruesomeness of her life, make up for her thwarted ambitions they would have a golden future together (Hustle 7).Hustle describes Wrights childhood as a bittersweet mixture of hard lug on his uncles farm and alienation from his father mixed with glorious Sunday mornings at he Lloyd Jones family Unitarian chapel followed up by emotionally quinine water nights spent singing songs while his father played piano. She illuminates how even though he was a small and weakly child, he learned to pile banal on tired (Hustle 14) working on his uncles farm and how that strength and stamina of mind and body stayed with Wright even up to the final days of his career which was active and well until his death.Hustle then begins to describe the evolution o f Wrights Journey to becoming an assimilator architect. He was given his first opportunity at a youthful age to assist in he design and construction of a family chapel and even added a windmill of his own design later which stood the test of time and physical stress against the disbelief of some in his family. Through his early life in the rolling hills of the scenic Helena Valley, Wisconsin, Wright planted the seeds of his ideas and passion for positive architecture (Hustle 27) which would be the basis of his unique art in his future works.Organic architecture makes the lay of land, its environmental atmosphere, and the nature of the construction materials the combined generators of the design f the building. His 1935 masterpiece, Billingsgate, make for Edgar Kaufmann over a waterfall is a perfect example of the mix between nature and architecture that makes it uniquely organic and uniquely Wright. Hustle does an amazing Job at keeping all of Wrights advancements in chronologica l order and in a way that is easy to understand how he built his way up to the famous architect that he is.Through his confidence given to him by his mother, Wright began to understand that he was destined for more than an ordinary mortal life because he had God-given creativity (Hustle 33). When Wright was twenty years of age, he travel to the booming cultural epicenter that was Chicago of the asses. He applied to many different architectural firms but only to the prestigious ones which he believed worthy of his gifts and unique abilities ultimately reputation and image would be the factors Wright would take into account when choosing a firm to work for.He began with Joseph Lyman Sessile, moved on to Beers, Clay, and Dutton, went butt to Sessile, and then found his first nest egg of architectural growth and education with Louis Sullivan and Dammar Adler of the Adler and Sullivan firm. Hustle describes Wright as being fit to absorb and retain every bit of useful information. He wo uld act as a sponge to Louis Sullivan, soaking up every ounce of the architectural knowledge he found interesting or worthy and committing it to memory. Although you would think that Wright would credit Sullivan for his influence, Hustle defines Wright as notoriously self-centered and arrogant.He would never admit that his ideas or passions for architecture had been influenced by any other human or any culture. His ego made him believe that his forms of architecture were completely ewe and unheard of it was truly skilful a concoction of every bit of influence he had every received through both education and observation Just mixed and manifested biography, Hustle tells how Wright went from sponge-like apprentice to fully accredited and renowned architectural celebrity. As his experience and popularity grew, Wright was approached by clients seeking his work apart from Sullivan influence and he began moonlighting (Hustle 70).With a newly wedded wife and children on the way, Wright nee ded more money to support them and his notorious self-indulgence into Japanese prints and fine clothing. Moonlight work, which is working on mystery drafts without company permission and reaping all the profit, was forbidden in his contract with Adler and Sullivan and he was eventually found out and immediately fired. The blow to Sullivan was disastrous and the master and apprentice lost touch for years. When he had established himself well enough in the Chicago architectural scene, Wright began taking on employees as draftsman in his home-studio in the Oak Park suburb of Chicago.His Prairie House design and the Larking Administration Building were two of his greatest creations during this period. Wright was Just setting himself up with a good starting signal out career when Hustle delivers arguably the most controversial and disliked decision that Wright ever made with children disturbing his concentration and the stresses of spousal relationship and bills weighed together, Wrig ht went through a mental breakdown and in the fall of 1909, he left, abruptly cutting all ties.He abandoned a wife and six children and closed his practice, leaving debts and stripped projects behind (Hustle 106). Hustle describes how the newspapers and tabloids had a field day with reproving Wrights deplorable actions. He embarked on a two year Journey to Europe with his woman of the street Amah Cheney. While she worked as a translator in Germany, Wright worked in Florence with his son Lloyd and draftsman Taylor Woolly observing the Italian and Germanic architecture.Upon moving back to the United States, his mother Anna purchased the land in Wisconsin that would soon be the birthplace of his completely tailored and architecturally unique home, Totalities. Wright would survive tragedy and disasters there, the murder of a lover and her children, desperate financial crises, and three destructive fires, rebuilding each time (Hustle 34) from the ashes f the previous. Shortly after the first Totalities was built, Amah and her children from her previous marriage were brutally murdered and Totalities was burnt to the ground.Accounts given by survivors of the disaster, gardeners and other Totalities workman, explained that the cook had some dispute with Amah and went ballistic. It took Wright several years, a new and blessedly time-consuming project, a new female companion, and Totalities II to bring him back out from a depressed slump. Wright gained instant international success upon the completion of the Imperial Hotel in Tokyo, Japan. In 1923, the hotel was completed and was one of the only structures that survived the great Kant Earthquake that struck Japan that same year.

Eyeskube write up

Subsume write up Overall this assignment harbor me feel standardised a creeper. I didnt like having to constantly sneak the cubes. Especially at cause, I felt like a weirdo face over my shoulder and waiting virtually for it to be all clear near the Ice machine and Ice chest. The first day went by truly well and really easy. I was home alone for quite a while and so most of my fixes didnt have to be hidden. When my friend came over rough 3 it got a little harder, cogent her to stay in my room and No, Ill go get it for o so I could sneak my piddle.I didnt really like sneaking around someone I tell almost everything to. I drank less and less as the night win on because I went into a dance and wasnt concerned with hydration of any sort, and when I got home I passed out in m bed before even thinking of the cubes or water or anything Like I mention in the write up, getting my fix at work was increasingly difficult. I work at McDonalds so there are always employees in some place or another.I was in drive- hour most of the day so my main source of rubbish was from a really close ice chest next to the drive-thru window. I literally had to Walt until someone was busy with fries or in the back or dealing with a customer Just to get the Ice, because grabbing a drink Is always the easy part I also TLD like the string around my wrist because It was annoying after It got wet because It didnt dry quickly kind of distracting me at work. Sneaking around was the main behavior I had that resembled an addict.It made my work day more stressful than needed waiting around until it was all clear Just to get my fix. The hardest part of the simulation was almost telling my best friend about it when we Just casually talking while I styled my hair and I had to back track and Just change the subject. To make the simulation more effective require the assigned simulation on a persons busiest day or time frame to really get a feel of the added attention/energy It takes to get the Sub sumes

The Mind and Its Functions

Psychology studies the mind and its functions, and biology studies living organisms and their physiology, psychobiology uses biological foundations to humble and explain psychological phenomenas. This is basic aloney science in the branch of the biological bases of behavior and mental experiences.This is sometimes also known as biological psychological science because it deals with the biological interactions such as horm 1s, neurotransmitters, cells and the social aspects of our environment (Where mind meets matter, n.d.). Psychobiologists study the physiological and evolutionary mechanisms that effect human behavior as a direction to understand why the school principal works the way it does.A psychobiologist has the belief that biology plays the major role in the actions and behaviors of humans. Some of the research psychobiology focuses on is plus emotions, capacity of self-regulation, social competence, and bonds made with caregivers (Feder, Nestler, Charney, 2009).There is some psychobiology that focuses on the impact of our genetics and environment on ones own self, and how that can impact our mental conjure up as well. Biological psychology is the broad oerview of the sub disciplines of Comparative Psychology. Some of these similar/other names for Psychobiology would be behavioral neuroscience, and biopsychology.The differences between some of the diverse sub disciplines include physiological aspects, genetics, and developmental mechanisms of behavior. These all study the stimulants, and such that impacts behavior in humans and animals and looks for the links for why certain stack dissemble the way they do when presented with a particular stimulant.Because some people react differently and at different degrees than others, it can serve as a cadence to help gauge where they are at stimulant wise. Some of the earliest history of this comes from philosophers who believed that the brain and mind were two separate entities, other known as dualism. Dualism is a theory where the mind and brain are made of different components and materials.Where the mind is an independent material separate of any somatic materials, the brain is physical a physical matter. But it wasnt until the 19th century, when scientists started studying the brain and its components, that scientists began to argue that the mind and brain were the same thing.This is known as monism because they saw that the mind, and brain were one entity and that they could not be studied separately. There are quite a few psychologists who were in the search for behavior and its biological foundations. Some of these people who were interest in searching for this were Weber, Pavlov, and Freud. (Hergenhahn, Henley, pg. 567) Webers Law was originally done to describe the research on weight lifting by Ernst Weber who was a physiologist.It was later then utilize to measurement of sensation by his student, Gustav Fechner, who eventually developed the law of science and psychop hysics (Webers Law, n.d.). The statement that the relationship between the spiritual creative activity and the physical worlds to Fechner, indicated that the spiritual world was the only world.But to others, they interpreted this as a possibility of a scientific quantitative psychology. Pavlovs contribution to psychobiology would be his research in animal physiology, which conduct to an understanding in behavior and conditioning responses (Burgemeester, 2016). Freuds influence on psychobiology would be his theory of the human mind and human behavior.He also developed a clinical technique that is made for helping people who are unhappy (The man who revolutionized, n.d.).Another person who contributed a lot to physics, physiology, and psychology would be Hermann Helmholtz. Helmholtz was a lamentable child who struggled with the arts in school, but read science books and practiced geometry in his free time.Though his family could not afford to send him to college, the government had a program for gifted children to go to med-school for free if they agreed to sign on with the army as surgeons for 8 years. Though Helmholtz agreed with his teacher Muller, they had many disagreements.They disagreed over Mullers belief in vitalism, which in biology and physiology, the vitalism-materialism problem was similar to psychologies mind-body problem. Vitalism is the view that life and its experiences cannot be explained by physical and chemical processes alone.Helmholtz nerved on the side of materialists who believed that no other forces such as the physical and chemical ones, are active within an organism. Basically by meaning that everything happens because of the physical aspect, and not the psychological. By believe and supporting the mechanistic-materialistic philosophy that humans had both physical and nonphysical aspects to them, they had a crowing influence on physiology, medicine, and psychology.By having the understand that mind, brain, and body are all separat e but yet intertwined, it can help with understanding why certain interactions or medications might not work well with certain people because the way their body reacts to certain stimulants may be too much for them to handle.But that could also work for another person who may not harbour such a high response to a stimulant whether it be environmental, psychological, or medicinal stimulant.Phrenology is the study that the shape and size of the cranium is supposed to be an indicator of ones character and mental abilities.Franz Gall accepted the belief that there are faculties of the mind that act on and transform sensory information. He came up with three additional things to add on to phrenology that mental faculties do not exist to the same extent in all humans, the faculties are houses in ad hoc areas of the brain, and that if ones faculty is well developed, a person would have a bump that corresponds to that region of the brain. But if the faculty is underdeveloped, a hollow or depression wish part would be on the corresponding region of the skull. (Hergenhahn, & Henley, pg. 230)Phrenology became popular in the aspect of education where the belief became that as would a regular physical muscle, a brain would get stronger with practice by stimulating those faculties of the brain. This would be called formal discipline and it is the belief that educational experiences can arrange to strengthen the specific facilities of the brain related to that subject.This encouraged further research in that the brain and mind are related and different regions of the brain hold different bouts of information. (Hergenhahn, & Henley, pg. 232) Another big aspect of psychobiology would be experimental psychology which is seeing what is physically present, and what is psychologically experienced. (Hergenhahn, & Henley, pg. 237)Though there was never doubt about the existence or posture of a conscious, it was a matter of how we would measure it in a scientific aspect. It was b elieved that conscious sensations were triggered by brain responses, but then were originally initiated by reek perceptions. Psychophysics is the study of the relationship between physical and psychological events that occur.Webers Law claims that the number of a physical stimulus, that must occur because a reposition has occurred and results in the change of awareness or sensations. Through a various series of calculations, Fechner came to his most known formula, which he believed showed the interaction/relationship between the physical and the mental state. S= k log RThis formula basically states that for sensations to rise arithmetically, the magnitude of the physical stimulus must rise geometrically.If the change is detected it means that as the stimulus grows so does the magnitude and it keeps growing and growing afterward (Hergenhahn, Henley, pg. 241) Psychobiology has a lot of factors and subsections that research into it. Not only is it important to research both the psyc hological side and the biological side, it is important to know why and how these things interrelate.By furthering research in these fields we can make strides to better understanding how our genetics, as well as our environment impact our mental and physical well-being and how we may react to certain stimulants psychologically and biologically.

Eng Comparing and Contrasting Literary Forms Essay

Poetry, drama and short story be literary forms that provide readers with entertainment, insight, pleasure, escape and sometimes information. Readers can control satisfaction in any of the three genres because the styles, variations, language and themes cater to everyones preference tragedy, comedy, profanity or just for pleasure. There is a piece of literary work to suit every taste. Poetry, when performed live, reverts the words rhythm, music and life. John Updike in his poem Dogs Death in lines one to sixteen, the rhythm and manikin ar non as distinct as in lines seventeen to twenty where the beats are strong and there is a certain take of intensity leading up to the finaleGood Dog. Back home, we found that in the night her frame, Drawing near to dissolution, had endured the shame Of diarrhea and had dragged across the stand To a newspaper carelessly left there. Good dog. (Clugston, 2010) Usually one performer presents a poem to the audience whereas in drama there are man y actors, stage settings and music that combine to create a complete stage production. Drama is written for theatre production. Actors impersonate the characters by reciting the words that are written in the play.For example, Maurya the main character in the play Riders to the Sea, says the closing words to her son before he left home Youd do right to leave that rope, Bartley, hanging by the boardsfor its a deep grave well make him by the grace of God. The actors must also follow the pens directions. She kneels down and the curtain falls slowly. (Clugston, 2010) Drama and play are written for specific purposes. The poem, when it is performed, is similar to an actor doing a soliloquy in a play. For example Macbeths speech I have lived long enough my way of life Is falln into the sere, the yellow And that which should accompany old age, As honor, love, obedience, troops of friends, I must not look to have but, in their stead, Curses, not loud but deep, mouth-honor, breath Which the p oor heart would fain deny, and presume not. (Clugston, 2010) This speech is poetry within a play unlike the short story.The author of a short story on the early(a) hand, depends on imagery, symbolism, similes and other literary devices to awaken the readers imagination, create the big picture and to pull him/her into that place. Unlike poetry and drama, the short story is not written for public presentation but for the readers pleasure and escape. The plot, setting, theme, point of view, characters, style, the actual story line and the ending of a short story all combine to give the reader a slice of the experience of the specified era. Alice Walker in the Welcome Table, paints a picture of racial segregation in the church in the state of Georgia.She wrote about a black old woman who entered a whites-only church. The reverend of the church stopped her pleasantly as she stepped into the vestibule..Aunty, you know this is not your church?.Inside the church she sat on the very firs t bench from the indorse. (Clugston, 2010) This picture is of the old woman/main character sitting at the back of the church and the reverend reminding her that she is in the wrong place. In other words she is out of place. Short stories appeal more to the readers imagination and senses and are not usually performed unless they are adapted for stage.ReferenceClugston, W. R., (2010). Journey Into Literature, San Diego, CA Bridgepoint Education Inc.

Representations of Either Male or Female Characters Essay

In the exposures I studied, (A clockwork Orange, From Russia with love, Carry on camping and a Hard days night) women be represented in similar ways but in very different circumstances.Firstly in A Clockwork Orange, women are seen as an objectified sexual fixing to the male gang. In almost every seen of the moving-picture show women are presented in one way shape or form for practice in the end with the erotic, female shaped tables or the posters of women on the walls in Alexs room. On the topic Kubrick has previously said In the film, women are the ultimate harbingers of sexual desire, and it is lonesome(prenominal) them who can suppress it. This power leaves the male Droogs inwardly feeling threatened, which in part leads to cowardly rape. I feel this quote explains the representation of females in the film perfectly as Alex, a man who feels he has great power over the rest of society, is surrounded by women and is always met with his sexual desire for them Although the be lief of sex in A Clockwork Orange is non an expression of love or intimacy, but rather an exhibition of power and violence. In this case Alex feels that to abide powerful over everyone else he needs to use women as a object to converge his growing needs for power.In From Russia with Love, women are once more seen as a object and are infamously named the Bond Girls showing how in the larger scale there roles are minor compared to the amazing Mr Bond. The opening title to the film shows barely clothed belly dancers dancing and parading there bodies to the Bond theme tune, showing how there bodies are more important because the woman herself. throughout the film it is apparent that women are only good for a number of tasks giving massages to the male characters, belly dancing and for casual sex and even then its when the man wants and not the woman.Despite this, in the film the female lead Tatiana played by Daniela Bianchi, shows womans slowly growing power and independence, for ex ample Tatiana smoking representing the freedom that she perhaps now felt, although she is sitting down and Bond is standing over her, clearly in a position of more power. It is felt that the woman in the film are constantly being overlooked by men for example Tatiana killing the villain, which in normal circumstances would list her the hero in the film, but this is undermined by the way Bond immediately takes the gun off her, as though it does not belong with her or she is not safe with it.In the film A Hard Days Night whenever the The Beatles perform, the members of the band are all distinguished as four individual, male characters. This massively contrasts with the role of women in the film, as there have been no main female characters women are either portrayed as screaming, uncontrollable girls or again as sex objects. The idea behind this shows that women have no individuality in the film and are really only there to worship, flirt or to sexually satisfy the boys in the band. Finally the idea of women being perceived as objects is again mirrored in the final film Carry On camping, where the women are seen as objects for the men to flirt with and pursue in a sexual appearance. Although Carry on camping differs from the previous films as there are several female characters which are seen to have hierarchy over certain male characters. For example the character Harriet Potter had the power in the relationship and lots bossed her husband around in a comical manner. Overall in all the films it is obvious that women are often being represented as objects to satisfy mens needs and dont serve a real purpose in any of the films and if they do it is only in a comical manner to retrieve laughter from the audience.

IMPACT OF MEDIA ON YOUNG GENERATION’S DEPORTMENT Essay

INTRODUCTION.In engineeration is an essential input for decision making while media is an important source of such information. Media including print media and electronic media is an excellent mode of communication, delight and information which exert different refers on different people depending upon their age and perception. A mature person ordain perceive things differently whereas a squirt or an adolescent will perceive it differently because his mind is in the process of formation. Children try to adapt things immediately whatever they will see on television or internet, whether its smoking or fighting by the famous actors, or sometimes they just follow it as trend. Media is increasingly permeant in the lives of children and adolescents. However, until now there has been very little comprehensive analysis of the different research tracking the impact of media on childrens health. In 80% of the studies, great media characterization is associated with blackball health out comes for children and adolescents (Commonsense Media, 2008). These negative health outcomes include child obesity, drug use, alcohol use, low academic achievement and attention dearth hyper activity disorder (ADHAD). While there are many factors that contribute to negative health results for children, media is a crucial one. It in addition equals the aggressive behavior of a teenager through military unit in movies and video games as it has a strong potential to view the norms of a society.see more(prenominal)pros and cons of social media riseObjectives of the studyThis study is an effort to evaluate different impacts of media on puppylike times whether they are positive or negative in nature. This study also focuses on how media is affecting Pakistani younkers demeanor and its impact on Pakistani close, religion and societal norms.LITERATURE REVIEW.Violence and sex shown on television results in higher rate of crimes and encourages antisocial behavior. This is especi ea chy apparent in the U.S.A and opposite western countries. Many criminals own up that their flushed actions or attitudes to women were result of TV. The rate of such crimes is continuously rising and more often they are committed by teenagers. They easily get affected to military unit and mixed stereotypes shown through TV, because the outlook of new-made people is in the process of formation. Televisions impact on the ethics of the younger generation can affect the future of our society negatively. According to the statistics, the average child watches 26 hours a television per week affecting family relations by reducing dialogue, and even having an impact on health by dispiriting exercise. Violence, aggression, crimes and wars are broadcast through the daily news as well as in movies, showing grungy pictures that encourage mental tension, pessimism and negative emotions (Jurgita Venckute, 2003) A UK study focused on children aged (9 13), as this was the age group where parent s were least assured about book TV consumption. Responses showed that children have a consistent world view which is different from that of adults, and violent images are seen within this perspective. These children, aged 9 13, were able to distinguish in the midst of ctional and real violence.Children responded most to violent images where there were negative physical and emotional consequences. The older children had a clearer understanding of the potential consequences of violence. Children differed from adults in their expectation of a take aim of security and protection, and they looked to adults for this protection. Violence in media has a negative notion on mental state of children. (Andrea Millwood Hargrave, 2003) Many well controlled and randomized experiments have examined how painting to violent TV, film media affects aggression of young of all ages. Brief image to violent dramatic presentations on TV or in films causes short-term increases in youngs aggressive fee lings, emotions and behavior, including physically aggressive behavior serious enough to harm others. Total amount of TV watching was assessed at the ages of 14 and 22. The more time they spend watching violence on television the more istheir aggressive behavior. (Craig A Anderson et al, 2003) Media is increasingly penetrating in the lives of children and adolescents .In 80% of the studies greater media exposure is associated with negative health outcomes for children and adolescents.Meta-analysis of the best studies on media and child health published in the last 28 years clearly shows the connection amongst media exposure and long-term negative health outcomes, especially childhood obesity, tobacco use, and sexual activity. Studies show that more exposure to scenes with alcohol use in movies is associated with early-onset teen drinking. Media exposure also has an impact on low academic achievement and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). (Common sense media, 2008) Med ia has a disturbing potential to negatively affect many aspects of childrens healthy development, including weight status, aggressive feelings and beliefs, consumerism and social seclusion. Media also has potential for positive effects on child health. We need to find ways to maximize the role of media in our society, taking advantage of their positive qualities but and minimizing their negative ones. The ultimate goal is to reach youth with positive messaging. Accepting media or else than trying to offset and it promises to be an effective tool in shaping the behavior of children and adolescents. (Munni Ray and Kana Ram Jat, 2008) thither is serious association betwixt violence in the media and the appearance of seriously violent behavior among older children and teenagers in a nationwide sample. (Michele L.yebarra et al, 2008) Television has become so sizeable that it plays a conclusive role in shaping the attitude, moral fiber, individuality and the ability of the youth to l ook at the things. But regrettably, the things are not going right.Television convey have adopted the policy of telecasting the cheap and sensational programs that will attract more and more youngsters to them. The interest of these transmit is just money-making and economic. The television channels are busy in displaying violence, mysteries of murders, human capacity of committing crimes and some other things which definitely have negative impact on our present generation. Children are unresolved to huge amount of violence and aggressiveness leading to deterioration of mentality of youth. (Carmela Lomonaco et al, 2010). There is extensive exposure of young US adolescents to movies with tremendous graphic violence from movie rated for violence and there are a lot of questions about the effectiveness of the currentmovie-rating system. (Kielah A. Worth et al, 2010) Media has the greatest impact on young generation as compared with the family or school because teenagers spend more t ime watching television, using cell phones, doing internet surfing or using any other source of media. All these affect teenagers in various aspects like culture, politics, social life, religious conviction, style, education and other interests.Apart from this media represents important source of enrichment and education for young generation as they receive variety of informal education from various sources like electronic libraries and internet etc. Media is also a source of entertainment. Still, media does not always inform and manipulate teenagers on a positive way, because it also represents a resource of violence through movies or news. (Cristina Nuta, 2011) The internet and a deep number of TV channels are working day and night to promote vulgarity and immorality. Undoubtedly, media aids to research and development, but illiteracy limits the users abilities to acquire noesis oriented benefits. Especially children lack the abilities to make accurate judgment of the benefits a nd harms of the information being fed to them and hence consciously or unconsciously accept it as a truth of life. (Muhammad Iqbal Zaffar, 2003)The author wrote the article by the name, Youth and role of media in Pakistan to analyze the negative and positive media effects casted on the youth of Larkana city. He reported in the article that, Since a couple of decades print media mainly Sindhi print media has replaced the other languages of print media including Urdu due to many reasons including low cost, powerful influence of Sindhi language and non availability of network in far flung areas. Unfortunately the youth developmental issues are not the key information of many media resources. Therefore, youth behavior is influenced by violence, global media prejudices and other negative values. Maladaptive, drug abuse, violence and local tribal conflicts reports on media are adversely impacting the youth. He concluded, There is need to promote the positive impact of media by guiding and advocating the thematic standards in media. (Zulifqar Ali Rahujo, 2007) Iram Arif in collaboration with Dr. Muhammad Ashraf Khan conducted research study on the subject, Media imperialism and its effect on culture of Pakistan. The main objective of the study was to examine the nature of cultural globalizationthrough media and its effects on national and local culture with special reference to Pakistan in the shape of effects on the youth of Multan.She tested the hypothesis, The greater the exposure to the satellite/ line of reasoning TV Entertainment programs, the greater the effects of foreign culture on our youth & cultural identity. In the light of the analyze findings, the researcher concluded, The foreign media channels on cable TV are adversely affecting Multans youth mindsets, although the adoption of such an attitude is bit slower as compared to other mainstream cities of Pakistan because Multan is renowned as a city of Saints with the decades long history of tradition and culture. (Dr. Muhammad Ashraf Khan, Iram Arif, 2009) Dr. Muhammad Wasim Akbar conducted the research study with the title, Cultural invasion of western media and Muslim societies. He presented his report in the words, Waves of western culture equipped with secularism and materialism are heading towards the Muslim societies very rapidly. There is a wave of these attacks in the form of computer, internet, TV, Cable network, films, magazines, etc. As the developed countries are the architects of the modern age, they want to dominate over the pious Muslim civilization by replacing it with their complete society and culture. He quoted the suggestion of Mansoor Jaffer as a solution to the problem which is, It is the need of the day that Muslim countries should formulate communication policy for all media institutions under such policies which could reflect Muslim culture in true sense. (Dr. Muhammad Wasim Akbar, 2009)Problem StatementIs todays media impacting our youth in a constructiv e or a destructive manner? Variables of ConcernIndependent variable. Intervening variable. Dependent variable.Moderating variable.Proper parental guidance minimizes the probability of negative media influence on young generations demeanor which occurs through todays media meretriciousness and gaudiness. HypothesisGreater the degree of meretriciousness/gaudiness in todays media, greaterwill be the probability of negative influence on young generations deportment.RESEARCH METHODOLOGY.Hypothesis Testing StudyWe will be conducting a hypothesis test study in order to explain the relationship between our dependent variable (meretriciousness in media) and independent variable (young generation deportment) and also to test our hypothesis i.e. Greater the degree of meretriciousness/gaudiness in todays media, greater will be the probability of negative influence on young generations deportment.Correlational StudyWe will be using a correlational study as we are interested in delineating the important variables associated with our problem i.e. negative media impact on our young generations deportment. Minimal Interference by the ResearcherWe will be conducting correlational study with minimal interference i.e. we will be totally administering questionnaires during normal flow of work. No further interference will be made. Non-Contrived Study SettingWe will be conducting correlational study in a non-contrived setting. Groups As Unit of AnalysisOur unit of analysis is Group for media impact being studied on young generations deportment. Data ingatheringPrimary and secondary data will be collected.Sample SizeWe are making use of sample size of 50, that is, we will administer our questionnaire survey to 50 respondents most conveniently available mainly youth ( above 16 years and below 25 years of age) and the provided responses will then be analyzed with the help of SPSS in order to reach at any appropriate/sound conclusion.ReferencesAndrea Millwood Hargrave (2003), How c hildren interpret screen violence British Broadcasting Corporation. Craig A Anderson et al (2003), The Influence of Media Violence on Youth, psychological science in the public interest Vol.4, pg 81-110 Common Sense Media (2008), Media + Child and Adolescent wellness, A Systematic Review. Brett Brown , Pilar Marin (2008), the school environment and adolescent well-being beyond academics, Child trends Brief Research Michele L yebarra et al (2008), Linkages between Internet and Other Media Violence with Seriously Violent Behavior by Youth. pedology 122(5)929-937. Munni Ray and Kana Ram Jat (2010), Effect of Electronic Media on Children Indian Pediatrics 2010 47 561-568 Carmela Lomonaco et al (2010), Media Violence.Kielah A.Worth et al (2010), Exposure of U.S. Adolescents to Extremely Violent Movies. Pediatrics 122(2)306-312 Muhammad Iqbal Zafar et al (2003), Media influence on social component of human disposition Pakistan journal of information & technology. Zulfiqar Ali Rahujo (20 07), Youth and role of media in Pakistan Dr.Muhammad Ashraf Khan and Iram Arif (2009), Media imperialism and its effect on culture of Pakistan worldwide media journal. Dr. Muhammad Wasim Akbar (2009), Cultural invasion of western media and Muslim societies Global media journal

Are gender differences socially shaped?

a) The term androgyny is the meaning for a person who uses both male and womanly person characteristics.b) Content analysis is the analysing of different communications and the sort of message theyre giving out. An example of this is a admit of British TV adverts conducted by Manstead and McCulloch in 1981. They found evidence that stereo-typing of the male and womanish role was strong and that because of this, the adverts are likely to play an active part in shaping pagan attitudes towards women.c) One view in which the experimental method was used was by Money & Erhardt (1972). They were interested in seeing whether a boy whos identity had been changed would develop as a biological male or, because of his new identity, a male. They could equivalence this with his identical twin brother.The method was that due to an accident during surgery, this child of 7 months suffered injuries to his genitals so poorly that the doctors advised to the parents that he should be castrated a nd given plastic surgery to create a female appearance. During adolescence, the hormone oestrogen was given to the child (k straightawayn as Joan) to encourage breast development. Money monitored the behaviour of Joan until archaeozoic adolescence.The results were that Joan did in fact develop as a normal female. She assumed a traditional female identity and was far to a greater extent feminine than her identical twin brother.The conclusion to this experiment is that if it was presented in the temperament vs. nurture debate, nurture would win in this case. Even though Joan was a biological male, the results showed that Joan developed a female sex identity.d) The use of cross-cultural research to investigate gender differences is essentially to point the differences in cultures by environmental factors, shaping the development of gender identity.Mead (1935) conducted a employment of three societies to see whether in that respect were differences in gender roles looking at the na ture vs. nurture bringing close together.She went to New Guinea for sextette months to fill The Arapesh who lived in the mountains, The Mundugamor who lived by the riverside and The Tchambuli who lived on the lakeside. She wasnt campring the differences between the three groups, but the differences of their culture compared to traditional westward culture.Her results showed that The Arapesh showed that there were similarities between themselves and Western society, although they were more interested in the community than reaching their own man-to-man targets. The Mundugamor showed traits that were described as masculine. Both males and females were fierce and cannibalistic. The Tchambuli had very obvious gender roles, although they were the reverse of the West men were more artistic and women held more status and economic power.Her conclusion to this was that culture is the major socialising and conditioning agent, oddly in the early years. Theres no relationship between biolo gical sex and gender role.Although this has been a staggeringly studied work, there is some criticisms that should be brought up. She was very young when she produced this study, so she was with little life encounter and her judgement may have been influenced and slightly over-the-top in places. She was known to have believed strongly in the conception that the environment is a major factor in shaping gender roles. Mead only spent six months in these places, so didnt get the full yearly cycle. Errington and Gewertz (1989) recognised all of these problems and went to do the same study that Mead had done over 50 years before them. They went to the Tchambuli and recognised that women didnt diominate men, nor did men dominate women. They believed that Mead being a women and experiencing what she may have thought unfair at the time in 1930s Western culture, may have changed her idea of what she was observing.Despite the flaws, this was still a great study that used cross-cultural rese arch to investigate gender differences.In conclusion, I think that cross-cultural studies into gender differences has certainly provided a lot of evidence over the years to show that gender differences are a socially shaped. Traditions and values certainly shape cultural ideas, but maybe due to the nature of evolution, what might appear to be social to us, may now be biological within our bodies, so it would be harder for us to change our ways that we live.